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The __________ variable is the variable that the researcher manipulates and controls.
Independent Variable
An __________ study observes and measures with no experiments, revealing patterns but cannot infer causation.
Correlational
The __________ variable is a variable that a researcher measures but does not manipulate.
Dependent Variable
A __________ experiment has non-random assignment but there may be pre-existing differences.
Quasi
Causality requirements include covariance, __________ precedence, and internal validity.
Temporal
_____________ is a crisis indicating the challenge of achieving consistent or repeatable results in scientific studies.
Replicability Crisis
___________ refers to the memory process of bringing information from working memory to long-term memory.
Encoding
The form of ____________ aims to recreate scientific methods used in an earlier study to check the consistency of results.
Direct Replication
Inattentional __________ occurs when attending to one thing leads to missing other stimuli.
Blindness
___________ conditioning is a learning process that pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to evoke an automatic response.
Classical
A __________ stimulus is previously neutral and does not produce a response until conditioned.
Conditioned
The _______________ phenomenon states that familiar stimuli are harder to turn into a conditioned stimulus.
Latent inhibition
______________ are mental shortcuts used to process information efficiently, which may lead to biases.
Cognitive heuristics
The ____________ heuristic involves the tendency to judge the frequency of events by how easily examples come to mind.
Availability
In ___________ conditioning, behavior is modified based on its consequences, such as reinforcement and punishment.
Operant
The __________ effect states that behavior with pleasant outcomes is more likely to occur, while behavior with negative outcomes is less likely.
Law of Effect
The ____________ bias involves seeking out information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs and expectations.
Confirmation
In cognitive psychology, ______________ refers to how people perceive and think about their social world.
Social cognition
The __________ heuristic leads to generalizations based on the perceived characteristics of a category.
Representativeness
