[MANOR] Pharmacognosy - Practice Questions

Proverbs 16:3

A) fructosan

1. A glucosan yield glucose units on hydrolysis. While inulin is a ____
   a) fructosan
   b) hexosan
   c) pentosan
   d) diosan
   e) all of these

A) barks/stems

2. The usual source of tannins from plants are from the :
   a) barks/stems
   b) seeds
   c) roots
   d) rhizomes
   e) all of these

A) glucose

3. Ethanol and citric acid are produced by the cellular respiration of carbohydrates, especially
   a) glucose
   b) sucrose
   c) fructose
   d) xylose
   e) lactose

B) osmotic diuretic

4. Because mannitol is absorbed from the GIT and parenterally is not metabolized, then it is used as:
   a) digestant
   b) osmotic diuretic
   c) acidulant
   d) cathartic
   e) laxative

B) xanthan

5. This gum has pseudo-plastic property to enable ointments to hold their shape and spread readily.
   a) Karaya
   b) xanthan
   c) locust bean
   d) guar
   e) Indian gum

D) none of the above

6. The following are general steps in the preparation of the crude drug for commercial market, except:
   a) harvesting
   b) garbling
   c) storage and drying
   d) none of the above

B) seeds

7. The usual source of fixed oils:
   a) flowers
   b) seeds
   c) leaves
   d) stems
   e) roots/rhizomes

B) tannic acid

8. This is used as an antidote for alkaloidal poisoning:
   a) lactic acid
   b) tannic acid
   c) tartaric acid
   d) picric acid
   e) gallic acid

C) morphine

9. The most important of the opium alkaloids is:
   a) heroin
   b) codeine
   c) morphine
   d) narcotine
   e) papaverine

C) phlobaphenes

10. The red-colored product formed when tannins are treated with hydrolytic agents known as:
    a) amolonin
    b) diosgenin
    c) phlobephenes
    d) catechin
    e) leucocyanidin

B) codeine

11. The most widely used alkaloid is:
    a) heroin
    b) codeine
    c) morphine
    d) narcotine
    e) papaverine

D) proteins

12. Tannins have the ability to precipitate ______ which is utilized in vegetable tanning which converts animal hides to leather:
    a) fats
    b) carbohydrates
    c) alkaloids
    d) proteins
    e) glycosides

E) chrysarobin

13. Among the anthraquinone glycosides, this is not employed as cathartic because it is too irritating to use:
    a) aloe
    b) frangula
    c) rhubarb
    d) senna
    e) chrysarobin

E) poppy seed

14. Ethiodized oil is an iodine addition product of ethyl ester of the fatty acid of:
    a) corn
    b) peanut
    c) almond
    d) soybean
    e) poppy seed

B) reserpine

15. The alkaloid present in Rauwolfia is
    a) emetine
    b) reserpine
    c) physostigmine
    d) morphine
    e) scopolamine

A) heroin

📌Morphine → Acetylation → Heroin

16. The alkaloid formed by the acetylation of morphine is:
    a) heroin
    b) codeine
    c) morphine
    d) cocaine
    e) papaverine

D) eugenol

📌Volatile oils present in Vick’s vaporub:

• campor

• methol

• thymol

• cineole

17. One of the following does not belong to the group; the volatile oils present in Vick's vaporub:
    a) methol
    b) camphor
    c) thymol
    d) eugenol
    e) cineole

A) eserine

18. This alkaloid is employed in ophthalmology to treat glaucoma:
    a) eserine
    b) reserpine
    c) emetine
    d) morphine
    e) strychnine

E) methyl salicylate

19. One of the following is not a medicinal balsam:
    a) storax
    b) benzoin
    c) styrax
    d) tolu
    e) methyl salicylate

D) apocynum

20. If Indian hemp is cannabis; then black Indian hemp is:
    a) convallaria
    b) podophyllum
    c) benzoin
    d) apocynum
    e) red squill

B) ipecac

21. The alkaloid in the form of syrup is used in the treatment of drug overdose in certain poisonings
    a) hydrates
    b) ipecac
    c) quinine
    d) ergotamine
    e) morphine

C) terpinol

📌Nitric acid +rectified turpentine oil → Terpinol

22. The product formed by the action of nitric acid on rectified turpentine oil in the presence of alcohol is:
    a) cineole
    b) eugenol
    c) terpinol
    d) borneol
    e) linalool

D) quinidine

23. The principal cinchona alkaloid employed therapeutically as anti-protozoal drug
    a) quinine
    b) chloroquine
    c) quinacrine
    d) quinidine
    e) eserine salicylate

D) repigmentation

24. The main therapeutic use of methosalen, a lactone glycoside:
    a) anti-coagulant
    b) aphrodisiac
    c) anthelmintic
    d) repigmentation

E) cod

25. Sodium morrhuate is the sodium salt of the fatty acid of:
    a) shark
    b) whale
    c) cow
    d) pig
    e) cod

C) camphorated opium tincture

26. Paregoric is also known as:
    a) opium tincture
    b) dover's powder
    c) camphorated opium tincture
    d) laudanum
    e) none of these

C) peppermint

27. Menthol is the active constituent present in:
    a) cinnamon
    b) coriander
    c) peppermint
    d) citronella
    e) spearmint

D) terebenthinate

28. Lemon oil that has a _____ odor must not be used or dispensed:
    a) rancid
    b) resinified
    c) calcified
    d) terebenthinate
    e) foul

D) prostaglandin

29. These are lipid metabolites formed in the body of animals from unsaturated fatty acids of the diet:
    a) carnauba
    b) bayberry
    c) copaiba balsam
    d) prostaglandin
    e) lanolin

A) Mayer's Reagent

30. Mercuric Iodide, Potassium Iodide and water are the composition of:
    a) Mayer's Reagent
    b) Dragendorff's Reagent
    c) Wagner's Reagent
    d) all of these
    e) none of these

A) salicin

31. Classified as a alcohol glysoside:
    a) salicin
    b) gentisin
    c) cantharidin
    d) entadin

B) allergens

32. These are antigenic substances capable of sensitizing the body in such a way that unusual responses occur in hypersensitive individuals:
    a) antibodies
    b) allergens
    c) allergy
    d) all of these
    e) none of these

C) Xanthoproteic test

33. This test is used to determine the presence of proteins and involves the reaction of the benzene nucleus in the protein molecules yielding a deep yellow ppt as positive result.
    a) Biuret test
    b) Ninhydrin test
    c) Xanthoproteic test
    d) Millon's test
    e) none of these

C) theobroma

34. This is a solid vegetable oil
    a) coconut oil
    b) peanut oil
    c) theobroma
    d) cod liver oil
    e) almond

D) plant pigments

35. The coloring matter in plants
    a) flavones
    b) anthraquinones
    c) apigenin
    d) plant pigments
    e) none of these

D) cod liver oil

36. It is a liquid animal fat
    a) coconut oil
    b) peanut oil
    c) theobroma
    d) cod liver oil
    e) almond oil

B) hydrolysable tannins

37. Blue-black color may indicate the presence of
    a) condensed tannins
    b) hydrolysable tannins
    c) saponin
    d) all of these
    e) none of these

B) ambergris

38. The pathologic product of sperm whale is
    a) copaiba
    b) ambergris
    c) bayberry
    d) carnauba
    e) teaberry

A) isoprenoids

39. The terpenes found in volatile oils, as well as other plant products, like steroids, carotenoids, amyrins and rubber are collectively known as:
    a) isoprenoids
    b) unoxygenated terpenes
    c) sesquiterpenes
    d) all of these
    e) none of these

B) organoleptic

40. This refers to the evaluation by means of the organs of sense and includes macroscopic appearance of drugs
    a) microscopic
    b) organoleptic
    c) macroscopic
    d) all of these
    e) none of these

B) drying

41. The process of removing sufficient moisture to ensure good keeping qualities.
    a) harvesting
    b) drying
    c) collection
    d) garbling
    e) none of these

C) bear berry

42. Source of arbutin, a phenol containing glycoside:
    a) buckwheat
    b) checkerberry
    c) bear berry
    d) dragonfruit

A) sitosterol

43. The most widely occurring sterol
    a) sitosterol
    b) cholesterol
    c) ergosterol
    d) all of these
    e) none of these

B) ergosterol

44. The principal sterol in fungi
    a) cholesterol
    b) ergosterol
    c) B-sitosterol
    d) all of these
    e) none of these

D) pomade

45. In the enfleurage method, the fatty product impregnated with the floral odor is called:
    a) absolutes
    b) terpenes
    c) concretes
    d) pomade

B) two double bonds and one cycle

46. Limonene has the configuration:
    a) three double bonds and no cycle
    b) two double bonds and one cycle
    c) one double bond and two cycles
    d) three cycles

A) oxide

47. Ascaridol, a volatile oil constituent obtained from the chenopodium oil is a/an:
    a) oxide
    b) furan derivative
    c) alcohol
    d) phenol

D) all of the above

• Specific rotation

• Solubility in various solvents

• Color reactions with specified reagents

48. In general, alkaloids may be identified by:
    a) specific rotation
    b) solubility in various solvents
    c) color reactions with specified reagents
    d) all of the above

A) noscapine

49. This does not possess narcotic properties and is therefore sometimes called anarcotine
    a) noscapine
    b) hydrocodone
    c) papaverine HCl
    d) hydromorphone
    e) none of these

B) oxytocin

50. It is a uterine stimulating fraction and it is relatively free from action on other smooth muscle
    a) liotrix
    b) oxytocin
    c) sodium dextrothyroxine
    d) vasopressin
    e) none of these

D) vasopressin

51. This regulates the threshold for resorption of water by the epithelium of the renal tubules
    a) liotrix
    b) oxytocin
    c) sodium dextrothyroxine
    d) vasopressin
    e) none of these

A) balsams

52. These are resinous mixtures that contain cinnamic acid, benzoic acid or both or esters of these acids:
    a) balsams
    b) rosin
    c) resins
    d) resenes
    e) none of these

B) bromelain

53. A mixture of protein-digesting and milk clotting enzymes obtained from the juice of the pineapple plant
    a) chymotrypsin
    b) bromelain
    c) lactase
    d) sutilains
    e) none of these

C) a and b

• chamazulene

• C₁₅H_{18 —} Guaiazulene

54. The blue color of the oil of chamomile, an inherent property of the oil when freshly distilled, is due to:
    a) chamazulene
    b) C15H18
    c) a and b
    d) none of the above

D) enfleurage

📌Employs expression as a method of volatile oil extraction:

• sponge process

• ecuelle method

• machine process

55. The following employs expression as a method of volatile oil extraction except:
    a) sponge process
    b) ecuelle method
    c) machine process
    d) enfleurage

C) concretes

56. In percolation with volatile solvents as a method of volatile oil extraction, the volatile solvent is removed by vacuum distillation and the resulting product is known as:
    a) absolutes
    b) terpenes
    c) concretes
    d) pomade

A) absolutes

57. After separating the waxes from the volatile oil, the resulting product is known as:
    a) absolutes
    b) terpenes
    c) concretes
    d) pomade

A) albumins

58. A class of proteins which are characterized by solubility in water and in diluted aqueous salt solutions
    a) albumins
    b) globulins
    c) glutelins
    d) all of these
    e) none of these

A) they give a dark green color with ferric chloride TS

📌Properties of the hydrolysable tannins:

• Gallic acid when heated result to formation or pyrogallol

• They yield no precipitate with bromine water TS

• Pyrogallol give soluble compounds with lead acetate

59. The following is/are the properties of the hydrolysable tannins except:
    a) they give a dark green color with ferric chloride TS
    b) gallic acid when heated result to formation or pyrogallol
    c) they yield no precipitate with bromine water TS
    d) pyrogallol give soluble compounds with lead acetate

B) porphine

60. This is the parent nucleus of the chlorophylls:
    a) bilan
    b) porphine
    c) tetraporphinpyrrole
    d) magnesium

C) a and b

• Steroid

• Triterpenoid

61. Chemical classes of sapogenin include/s the following:
    a) steroid
    b) triterpenoid
    c) a and b
    d) none of the above

B) chlorophyll A occur in ferns, mosses and algae

📌True for chlorophyll A:

• Chlorophyll A has a methyl substituent attached to the top right-hand pyrrole ring

• The ratio of chlorophyll A to B is usually about 3 : 1 and there is no ready interconversion between them
  

62. The following is/are true for chlorophyll A, except:
    a) chlorophyll A has a methyl substituent attached to the top right-hand pyrrole ring
    b) chlorophyll A occur in ferns, mosses and algae
    c) the ratio of chlorophyll A to B is usually about 3 : 1 and there is no ready interconversion between them
    d) none of the above

A) acetone

63. This is the solvent most commonly used for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaves:
    a) acetone
    b) ethanol
    c) dimethylformamide
    d) dimethylsulfoxide

A) cyanophophore glycosides

64. These are derivatives of mandelonitrile:
    a) cyanophophore glycosides
    b) glucosinolates
    c) a and b
    d) none of the above

A) they give a bluish to black color with ferric chloride

📌Properties of nonhydrolyzable tannins:

• They usually contain phloroglucinol nucleus in part

• They are usually precipitated by bromine water TS

• They yield catechol when heated

65. The following is/are the properties of nonhydrolyzable tannins except:
    a) they give a bluish to black color with ferric chloride
    b) they usually contain phloroglucinol nucleus in part
    c) they are usually precipitated by bromine water TS
    d) they yield catechol when heated

A) sodium carbonate

66. To convert an alkaloid salt into a free base, the following should be added:
    a) sodium carbonate
    b) tartaric acid solution
    c) pet ether
    d) none of the above

C) anthocyanins

67. These are the common red to blue pigments of flower petals:
    a) flavonoids
    b) anthracene
    c) anthocyanins
    d) benzoquinone

C) sinigrin

68. Which of the following glycosides yield allyl isothiocyanate as one of the products of hydrolysis:
    a) amyglandin
    b) prunasin
    c) sinigrin
    d) sinalbin

D) gossypol

📌 Major carotenoids in plant:

• a-carotene

• b-carotene

• lycopene

69. These are major carotenoids in plants, except:
    a) b-carotene
    b) lycopene
    c) a-carotene
    d) gossypol

C) a and b

• acid or enzyme

• alkali

70. Most of the glycosides are subject to hydrolysis, resulting in the cleavage of glycosidic linkages, by:
    a) acid or enzyme
    b) alkali
    c) a and b
    d) none of the above

B) cyanophore

71. Which of the following glycosides represent the group of bound poisons?
    a) glucosinolates
    b) cyanophore
    c) a and b
    d) none of the above

A) amygdalin

72. Which of the following glycosides yield HCN as one of the products of hydrolysis:
    a) amygdalin
    b) sinigrin
    c) sinalbin
    d) none of the above

A) salicin

73. Which of the following is classified as alcohol glycosides:
    a) salicin
    b) glucovanillin
    c) prunasin
    d) arbutin

A) arbutin

74. Which of the following yield a phenolic compound as one of its products of hydrolysis:
    a) arbutin
    b) salicin
    c) glucovanillin
    d) none of the above

B) demethylation

75. The conversion of papaverine into papaveroline is a _____ type of reaction
    a) dehydration
    b) demethylation
    c) hydrolysis
    d) oxidation

D) quaternary

76. Which of the following is a rare type of alkaloid?
    a) primary
    b) secondary
    c) tertiary
    d) quaternary

D) rose oil

77. Each of the following volatile oils has a hydrocarbon as major constituent except:
    a) turpentine oil
    b) lemon oil
    c) pepper oil
    d) rose oil

A) dehydration

78. The conversion of morphine into apomorphine is a _____ type of reaction
    a) dehydration
    b) demethylation
    c) hydrolysis
    d) oxidation

C) camphor oil

📌Volatile oils that has an aldehyde as a major constituent:

• Ceylon cinnamon oil

• Lemon oil

• Cassia cinnamon oil

79. Each of the following volatile oils has an aldehyde as a major constituent except:
    a) Ceylon cinnamon oil
    b) lemon oil
    c) camphor oil
    d) cassia cinnamon oil

A) resins

80. These are natural or induced solid or semisolid exudations from plants or from insects feeding on plants:
    a) resins
    b) oleoresins
    c) gum resins
    d) balsams

A) carminic acid

81. Specific glycoside obtained from Coccus cacti:
    a) carminic acid
    b) tannic acid
    c) ratanhiaphenol
    d) bergapten

B) sodium carbonate

82. Alkaloids as salts may be liberated from plant components using:
    a) acidulated water
    b) sodium carbonate
    c) methanol
    d) ether

D) Azadirachta indica

83. Scientific name of Neem, used as an insecticide and bitter:
    a) Avena sativa
    b) Arnica Montana
    c) Illicium verum
    d) Azadirachta indica

A) waxes

84. These are esters of high molecular, monohydric alcohols and high molecular fatty acid:
    a) waxes
    b) phospholipids
    c) glycolipids
    d) sphingomyelins

A) convert alkaloidal salts into free base

85. The plant material is treated with ammonium hydroxide in order to:
    a) convert alkaloidal salts into free base
    b) convert free bases into alkaloidal salts
    c) a and b
    d) none of the above

A) xanthine

86. Theophylline is classified as:
    a) xanthine
    b) pyridine
    c) indole
    d) isoquinolone

C) azeleic acid

87. Anti-acne principle synthesized from castor oil:
    a) ricinoleic acid
    b) prussic acid
    c) azeleic acid
    d) saffric acid

B) chalcones

88. Flavonoid found in yellow flower pigments:
    a) flavonols
    b) chalcones
    c) anthocyanins
    d) biflavonyls

B) acetic acid

89. Menstruum used to extract solanine from potatoes:
    a) water
    b) acetic acid
    c) alcohol
    d) benzene

A) allicin

90. Glycoside found in garlic which possesses anti-platelet, anti-microbial and anti-rheumatic properties:
    a) allicin
    b) berberine
    c) cantharmin
    d) sanguinarine

A) phospholipids

91. These are esters consisting of glycerol in combination with fatty acids, phosphoric acid and certain nitrogenous compounds:
    a) phospholipids
    b) waxes
    c) glycolipids
    d) sterols

C) picrotoxin

92. Glycosidic principle obtained from fish berries, Cocculus indicus formerly used as an analeptic:
    a) quassin
    b) humulin
    c) picrotoxin
    d) gentisin

A) Joseph Caventou

93. A French pharmacist collaborated with Pelletier in the discovery of Quinine which has become a worldwide treatment of malaria:
    a) Joseph Caventou
    b) Pierre Robiquet
    c) Frederick Serturner
    d) Rudolf Brandes

D) taxonomic classification

94. Drugs classified according to the natural relationship among plants and animals:
    a) zoological arrangement
    b) chemical classification
    c) morphological classification
    d) taxonomic classification

B) astringent

95. Generally accepted medicinal use of tannins:
    a) tanning of leather
    b) astringent
    c) laboratory precipitant
    d) as ingredient in the preparation of ink

D) vasoconstrictor

96. Cocaine has a long duration of local anesthetic action because it is a:
    a) bronchoconstrictor
    b) bronchodilator
    c) vasodilator
    d) vasoconstrictor

D) Quinine

97. Quinoline alkaloid employed for malaria:
    a) Cinchonidine
    b) Cinchonine
    c) Quinidine
    d) Quinine

D) hexoses

98. Most important monosaccharides found in plants:
    a) trioses
    b) levulose
    c) pentoses
    d) hexoses

D) amylose

99. It reacts with iodine to form a deep blue complex:
    a) insulin
    b) starches
    c) amylopectin
    d) amylose

D) amylopectin

100. The paste forming properties of starch are due to this constituent:
     a) inulin
     b) starches
     c) amylose
     d) amylopectin