chronic adaptions

Chronic adaptions

Occur through long term pariticpaiton in a training program

Adaption

a long term physiloigcal change in response to training laods that allows the body to meet new demands.

Load must be sufficient to challenge body to avoid plateau

Aerobic training adaptiions

6 weeks minimum of aerobic trainign.

Increases effectivness of oxygen delivery to muslces (more and quicker oxygen).

-Increases atheltes ability to produce ATP aerrobically

-Increases LIP

-Increases capacity of the athelte to recover through PC replenishment and oxidation of H+

Anaerobic training adaptions

6 weeks minimum.

Increased muscle size which enables greater strength, pwoer and speed

-changes at the cellular level that increase the rate and capacity at which ATP can be produced anaerobically

Aerobioc: cardiovascular adaptions

Increased left ventricle size and volume (cardiac hypertrophy)

-Increased cardiac ouput during maximal workloads

-increased SV

-Increased capillarisation of the heart

-Decreased resting hr, blood pressure

-Increased hr recovery rates

-Increased blood flow

-Increased blood volume and hameoglobin levels

-decreased hr during submax workloads

Increased left ventricel size and volume

Cardiac hypetrophy occurs. In endurance athletes an increase in size ad therefore volume of ventricular chambers allows a greater volume of blood to be ejected from the heart, thus providing more oxygen for athelte to use.

Increased capillarisation of the heart muscle

Increase in the capillary density and blood flow to cardiac muslce.

THis increased supply of blood and oxygen allows heart to beat more strongly and efficiently during exercise and rest.

Increased strole volume

Hyperrophy of heart leads to signficnat icnrease in storke volume,

-Allows more oxygen delviered to the working muscles, improving athletes ability to use more oxygen and resyntheise ATP aerobically.

-Athlete can work at higher aerobic intensiites for longer with fewer faitgiung factors.

decreased resting heart rate

If you have greater stroke volume the ehart does not have to beat as frequently to supply the required blood and oxygen, heart is more efficent.

Decreased HR during submax workload

Mainly result of icnreased stroek volume, heart does not have to work as hard to supply the reuqired blood flow and oxygen. More efficient.

Decreased hr recvoery rates

Return to pre-exer cise levels in a much shorter time.

-THis is due to a Greater efficiency of caridovasuclar system to produce energy aerobically.

Increased cardiac output

Due to increase in SV. More blood pumped per minute.

Decreased blood pressure

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels may decrease at rest and during exercise.

-Helps to reduce resistance to blood flow and reduces strain on the heart, therefore decreasing risk of heart attack and other cardiovascualr condtions.

Increased blood volume and hameoglobin levels

Red blood cells may increase in number and the hameglobin content and oxygen carrying capaicity of the blood may also rise.

-Allows for a greater amount of oxygen delivered to the muslces and used.

-Plasma volume also icnreases which reduces viscoity of the blood, allowingit to flow smoothly through the blood vessles.

-Enhances oxygen delivery to the muscles and icnreases capaicty for thermoregualtion as blood plasma is lsot through sweat

Aerobic: respitaroy adaptions

Increased ventilation, tidal volume, pulmonary diffusion

-Decreeased resting and submax respiraory freuqneyc.

ENd reuslt=Increased vo2 max

Increased ventilation during maximal exercise

More efficnet andimproved lung ventilaiton.

-Increases at max effort as there is icnreased tidal volume and RR.

-Allows more oxygen to be inhaled, extracted and transported to the muscles for use.

Increased tidal volumne

Amount of air inspried and expried in one breath increases allowing for more oxyegn to be extracetd from the air per breath

Decreased respitraory rate

At rest and submax the rr decreases because lung fucntion has improved and more oxyegn can be extracted per breath, meaning the athelte does not have to breathe as frequnelty.

Increased pulmonary diffusion

Increase in the surface area of the alveoli which therefore icnreases the pulnonary diffusion.

-Allows for greater amount of oxygen and carbon dixoide exchange between the alveoli and surrounding capilalries.

-Gretaer amount of oxyegn is extracted from the alveoli to the surrounding capillaries and greater amount of carbon dixoide is diffused from the surrounding capillaires into the alveoli.

-Allows more oxygen to be inhaled, extracted and transproted to the working muscles