jazz fuck my life

Early Jazz

sometimes banjo and tuba; front line of trumpet, clarinet, trombone

Swing Era

big band (5 saxophones, 4-5 trumpets; 4-5 trombones, rhythm section)

Bebop

front line of alto saxophone and trumpet; piano, bass, and drums

Hard Bop

front line of tenor saxophone and trumpet; piano, bass, and drums

Fusion

electronic instruments including electric guitar, electric bass, Fender Rhodes electric piano, and synthesizer

Neoclassical

acoustic instruments

All jazz styles in chronological order

Early jazz, swing, bebop, cool, hard-bop, modal, free, fusion, neo-classical, contemporary

Melody

series of single pitches (jazz slang is “head”)

Harmony

order of chords in a song (jazz slang is “changes”)

Blues Form

twelve measures; 3 four-measure phrases; statement, repetition, commentary

AABA Form

32 measures; 4 eight-measure phrases; A sections are the same while B section is contrasting

Swing rhythmic feel

walking bass; drums play swing rhythmic pattern; uneven eighth notes

Even-8th rhythmic feel

repetitive bass; even eighth notes in drums and other instruments

Cross-rhythm

one rhythmic grouping placed on top of another (i.e., three over two)

“Sheets of Sound”

rapid scales and arpeggios used by John Coltrane

Collective improvisation

everyone improvises at the same time; know differences between collective improvisation in Early Jazz and Free Jazz

“Break”

rhythm section stops and soloist continues

Louis Armstrong

trumpet – Early Jazz

Duke Ellington

piano/composer – Swing Era

Charlie Parker (“Bird”)

alto saxophone – Bebop

Miles Davis

trumpet, leader in multiple eras

John Coltrane

tenor saxophone – Modal/Free

Duke Ellington

Four categories of recordings, Mood music=Mood Indigo, Jungle music=East St. Louis Toodle-yoo, Extended Works=Black, Brown, and Beige, Popular Dance / Swing Music=Take The 'A' Train

Miles Davis

improvised in a “less is more” way, allowing space and emphasizing lyricism, utilized harmon mute and motivic development.

Miles Davis Five categories of recordings

Bebop- “Donna Lee,” Cool Jazz- “Boplicity” Hard-bop - “Walkin,” Modal- “So what,” Fusion- “Bitches brew”

Miles Davis’ important piano collaborator

Bill Evans (piano)

Miles Davis’ Important arranger

Gil Evans (Cool Era recordings)

John Coltrane

has extreme speed and control over the saxophone, rapid and cascading arpeggios were called “Sheets of sound”

John Coltrane categories of recordings

Hard Bop - “Giant Steps,” Modal - “Impressions” and “My favorite things” Free Jazz- “Ascension”

Giant Steps

Hard bop, considered a rite of passage for jazz musicians due to difficulty.

A Love Supreme

Modal, 4 part spiritual masterpiece, greatest jazz album of all time

Ascension

Free, influenced the entire free movement through collective chaos

Early Jazz (1920s) (1)

Jelly Roll Morton –piano, first jazz arranger

Swing Era (1930s) (4)

Duke Ellington – piano/composer. Benny Goodman – clarinet/bandleader – brought jazz to Carnegie Hall; integrated the jazz band. Count Basie – piano – big band leader. Vocalists

Bebop (1940s) (2)

Charlie Parker “Bird” – alto saxophone – great virtuosity; tragic lifestyle. Dizzy Gillespie – trumpet – virtuosity; sense of humor; Afro-Cuban rhythms into jazz; educator

Cool Jazz (early 1950s) (6)

Dave Brubeck – piano/composer – unusual meters – “Take Five.” Paul Desmond – alto saxophonist with Brubeck – lyrical sound. Stan Getz – tenor saxophone – brought bossa nova to jazz – “Girl From Ipanema.” Miles Davis – “Birth of the Cool” band. Gil Evans, arranger. Chet Baker – trumpeter/vocalist – natural, lyrical musician; tragic lifestyle.

Hard Bop (late 1950s) (6)

Art Blakey – drums – Jazz Messengers; farm team for future leaders; blues + bebop. Horace Silver – piano/composer – repetitive comping; wrote standards. Cannonball Adderley – alto saxophone – “soul jazz.” Clifford Brown – trumpet – virtuoso. Sonny Rollins – tenor saxophone – motivic development. Miles Davis – “First Great Quintet” (Prestige records band.)

Modal Jazz (1960s) (2)

Miles Davis – “Kind of Blue” (relaxed.) John Coltrane – “Impressions” (tense, energetic); “A Love Supreme” (spiritual)

Charles Mingus

Without category, bass/composer – used several eras; “organized chaos”; strong personality.

Thelonious Monk

Without category, piano/composer – combination of logic and surprise; motivic development.

Bill Evans

Without category, pianist on “Kind of Blue” – led interactive trio

Keith Jarret

Without category, piano – solo concerts and interactive trio

Fusion (1970s) (7)

Chick Corea – fusion pioneer, keyboards/piano, Spanish influence. Herbie Hancock – fusion pioneer, keyboards/piano, “Chameleon.” Joe Zawinul – fusion pioneer, keyboards/piano, Weather Report. John McLaughlin – fusion pioneer, guitar, heavy rock influence. Michael Brecker – saxophone/EWI. Pat Metheny – guitar/synthesizer/composer – World music influence. Snarky Puppy – modern fusion band

Neoclassical (1980s) (1)

Wynton Marsalis – trumpet – return to acoustic roots; recreate Swing Era music