Psychology 110 Midterm 3

Three Components of Emotion

Emotions consist of physiological responses, cognitive appraisal, and behavioral expressions.

Primary Emotions

Basic emotions such as happiness, fear, or anger that are universally experienced.

Secondary Emotions

More complex emotions that combine primary emotions, like guilt, pride, and shame.

Insula

A brain region that processes bodily sensations and is involved in emotional awareness.

Amygdala

A brain region that processes fear and other survival-related emotions.

James-Lange Theory

The theory suggesting that emotions arise from our awareness of physiological responses.

Cannon-Bard Theory

The theory stating that physiological responses and emotional experiences occur simultaneously but independently.

Schachter-Singer (Two-Factor) Theory

The theory that suggests emotion is experienced based on a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive labeling.

Polygraphs

Devices that measure physiological responses, often deemed unreliable for detecting deception.

Rumination

The act of repeatedly thinking about negative emotions without resolving them.

Distraction

Engaging in activities to avoid confronting one's emotions.

Display Rules

Social norms that dictate how emotions should be expressed in specific contexts.

Unconditional Positive Regard

The concept that individuals need to feel accepted without judgment to thrive.

Genetic Basis of Personality

Research shows that genetics significantly influences personality traits, but environment also plays a role.

Temperament

Innate aspects of personality such as emotional reactivity and self-regulation.

Danish Effect

Refers to the high levels of happiness reported in Denmark due to strong social support and security.

Hedonic Adaptation

The tendency to quickly return to a baseline level of happiness after positive or negative life events.

Big Five Traits

Personality traits including openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Cognitive Dissonance

The discomfort experienced when there is a conflict between one’s beliefs and behaviors.

Bystander Effect

The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in emergencies when others are present.

Groupthink

A situation where the desire for consensus in a group leads to poor decision-making.

Foot-in-the-door Technique

A persuasion strategy starting with a small request followed by a larger request.

Low-balling Technique

A persuasion method where an attractive deal is offered and then changed after agreement.

Experience Sampling Method

A research method where participants report their emotional state at random moments.

Subjective Well-Being Scale

A self-report survey used to measure individuals' happiness.

Optimal Arousal Theory

Suggests an ideal level of arousal for task performance depends on the task's complexity.

FFFS (Fight/Flight/Freeze System)

Part of rRST that governs responses to threats and punishments.