Ancient Egypt

Nile River

The river that provided many resources for the egyptians. It flooded yearly providing good soil for crops.

4 Gifts of the Nile:

Fertile Soil

Fresh Water

Transportation and Trade

Materials for Building

Loess

A fine dustlike material that can form soil

cataracts

groups of rocky rapids

Pharaoh

King of a united egypt.

Dynasty

A ruling family

Bureaucracy

A system of offices and officials.

Mummy

A body preserved in a special process

Artisan

a skilled worker that practices a handcraft

How did religion support the pharaoh’s power

They believed he was a god and therefore obeyed him.

How did dynasties affect Egyptian government?

Power was passed down from brother to brother and father to son.

What is the importance of the god Osiris.

His story is a model of the afterlife for Egyptians to follow.

How did egypts geography affect farming methods?

Farmers relied on the Nile’s yearly floods to decide when to plant crops and when to harvest.

What were the three seasons and what were they based on?

Shait, Shemu, and Piruit. They are based on the Nile’s floods.

Hieroglyphic

A drawing or symbol that represents a word or a sound.

Papyrus

A material very similar to paper that was made from the papyrus reed.

Pyramid

A structure with triangular sides.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body and its organs.

Sculpture

A statue or other free-standing piece of art made of clay, stone or other materials.

Commerce

The buying and selling of goods and services.

Ivory

A hard white material made from elephant tusks.

Interdependence

Dependence by each country or group on the other.

Meroitic Script

One of the world’s first alphabets created by the Nubians.

Osiris

The god that presides over the underworld where he judges the dead. He is brother and husband to Isis and is the father of Horus.

Horus

The god that leads the dead to the Underworld to be judged. Horus is the son of Isis and Osiris.

Isis

The goddess of magic and healing. She is the sister and wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus.

Seth

The lord of the desert and god of storms and chaos. He killed his brother Osiris and his battle with Horus symbolizes the connection between good and evil.

Hapi

The god of the Nile River

Anubis

The god of embalming and the god of the mummification process. He weighs dead peoples heart verses a feather to determine if they belong in heaven or hell.

Ra

The god of the sun.

Translation for hierolgyphics.

Sacred Carved Inscriptions

Person who deciphered hieroglyphics.

Champollion

Rosetta Stone

A stone that allowed us to decipher hieroglyphics.

Hatshepsut

A female pharaoh that preserved peace and encouraged trade.

Ramses ll

A new kingdom Pharaoh that reigned for the longest of any pharaoh and built 4 statues of himself.

3 Time periods of Egypt.

Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom.

Menes/Narmer

The ruler who united Upper and Lower Egypt.

How did Egyptian writing differ from Sumerian writing?

While the Sumerians used cuneiform, the Egyptians used hieroglyphics.

Why are the pyramids considered one of Egypt’s greatest achievements?

They show Egyptians skill of mathematics and advanced building techniques.

Inundation:

The flooding of the Nile.

Nilometer

A measuring device to predict the height of the Nile’s floods.

Shaduf

A device used to raise water over the Nile’s banks and into its channels for irrigation.

Irrigation System

A system created for distributing water across an area.

What did Herodotus say?

“Egypt is the gift of the Nile”

What are three ways that Egyptian boys learn a trade?

Apprentice with an Artisan,

Taught by a craftsman,

Watch their parents.

Why were hieroglyphics so hard to learn?

There were over 750 characters.

Polytheistic

Worshipping multiple gods.

Why did Egyptians prepare for an afterlife?

They loved life so much they never wanted it to end.

What god did Akhenaten make people worship?

Aten

What could Hieroglyphics represent?

People, animals, plants, or objects.

What do scribes write on?

Papyrus

What did scribe students write on?

Broken pieces of pottery and then wooden boards coated with plaster.

What was the education for girls in Egypt?

They remained at home and were trained by their mothers how to maintain a household and entertain their husbands guests.