ANAT& PHYS

plasma membrane

selective barrier that for passage of oxygen, nutrients and waste

cytoskeleton

a network of fibers that organizes& structures and activities in the cell

nuclear envelope

encloses the nucleus

nucleolus

is within the nucleus and the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis

Golgi apparatus

sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

lysosomes

digestive compartments

mitchondria

chemical energy conversion

they have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into Cristae

cristae

present a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATP

peroxisomes

are specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane

microtubules

are hollow rods about 25 nm in diameter and about 200 nm to 25 microns long

what do the microtubules control

control the beating of cilia and flagella, locomotor appendages of some cells

basal body

anchors the cillum of flagellum

desmosomes (anchoring junctions)

fasten cells together into strong sheets

gap junctions(communicating junctions)

provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells

what does plasma membrane exhibits

selective permeability, allowing some substances to cross it more easily others.

at tight junctions membranes of neighboring cells do what

they are pressed together, which prevents leakage of extracellular fluid

cell wall

typically made of peptidoglycan

endomembrane system

regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

ampathic

meaning both polar and non polar

Semifluid substance called

cytosol

prokaryotic cells

characterized by having no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, and the cytoplasm is bound by the plasma membrane

eukaryotic cells

DNA in a nucleus (nuclear envelope)
– Membrane-bound organelles
– Cytoplasm
– much larger than prokaryotic cells

dna is found where in prokaryotic cells

DNA: Found in a single circular chromosome in the nucleoid region

ribosomes in prokaryotic cells

Smaller (70S) than those in eukaryotic cells (80S)

cell wall prokaroytic cells

Typically made of peptidoglycan (in bacteria).

prokaryotic cells reproduction

Reproduction: Binary fission (asexual reproduction).

smooth er

lacks ribosomes

rough er

surface is studded with ribosomes

transport vesicles

proteins
surrounded by membranes

autophagy

enzymes to recycle the cell’s own
organelles and macromolecules

phagocytosis

engulf another cell; food vacuole

lysosomal enzymes

hydrolyze proteins, fats,
polysaccharides, and nucleic acids

intermediate filaments

are fibers with diameters in a middle range

microfilaments

also called actin filaments, are
the thinnest components

non motile cilia

Function as sensory organelles, detecting environmental signals

motile cilia

Responsible for movement (e.g., clearing mucus from the respiratory tract, moving eggs in the fallopian tubes

myosin

in microfilaments for cellular motility