Chapter 3 - Tissues

EPITHELIAL (cell shapes, types of glands); CONNECTIVE (CT proper - loose & dense, cartilage, osseus/bone, blood); MUSCLE (skeletal, cardiac, smooth); NERVOUS (neurons, neuroglia)

Kinds of connective tissue

Loose & Dense

Fibroblast

Cells that make up connective tissue. Produces CT fibers and ground substance of ECM

3 types of fibers in connective tissues

collagen, reticular, elastic

collagen fibers

Structure: made of collagen

Function: resist tension

Characteristics: THICK, made of 3 reticular fibers coiled together specifically

Reticular Fibers

Structure: made of collagen

Function: provide structural support

Characteristics: THIN, only made of 1 strand of collagen

Elastic Fibers

Structure: made of elastin protein

Function: enable recoil of stretched tissue

Kinds of loose connective tissue

areolar, adipose, reticular

What is the structure, function, and location of

Loose Areolar Connective Tissue (LACT)

Structure: matrix is made of ground substance, collagen, reticular, & elastic fibers which surrounds fibroblast cells, fat (adipose) cells & defense cells

Function: Support & bind other tissues with its fibers, hold tissue fluid in its jellylike ground substance, fight infection, store nutrients in fat cells

Location: underlies almost all epithelia & surrounds capillaries

Adipose Connective Tissue

Structure: large lipid (fat) droplet with all cell components pushed to the side

Function: stores energy & nutrients, provides cushion, insulates

Location: subcutaneous fat, eyes, kidney, hypodermis

Reticular Connective Tissue (Dr Yard said it won’t be on test 1)

Structure: Similar to areolar but the only fibers in the matrix are reticular (hence the name)

Function: form networks of caverns that hold free blood cells

Location: occurs in bone marrow, lymph nodes, & spleen

3 Types of Dense Connective Tissue Proper

Irregular (DICT), Regular (DRCT), Elastic

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (DICT) *wavy bacon*

Structure: Thick collagen fibers that run in many directions

Function: resists strong tension from different directions

Location: dermis and in organ capsules

Dense Regular Connective Tissue (DRCT)

Structure: all collagen fibers in matrix run in same direction & are separated by row of fibroblasts, parallel to the direction of the pull

Function: Binds bones and/or muscles together, reduces friction

Location: tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses (flat tendons), facia

Elastic Connective Tissue

Structure: layers of wavy elastic fibers (more elastic than areolar tissue)

Function: Allows expansion/contraction of organs & blood vessels

Location: blood vessels, bronchial tubes

What is plasma

the matrix in blood

Is the visceral membrane against the organ or away from it?

Against organ.

What is superficial facia made of?

Superficial facia: made of areolar & adipose tissue, between skin & underlying organs

What is deep facia made of?

Deep Facia: made of dense connective tissue, forms strong fibrous internal framework

3 kinds of muscle tissue

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

What kind of muscle is skeletal? Mono or Multinucleated?

Skeletal muscle is voluntary,🖐 striated & made of multinucleated cells ⚛

What kind of muscle is cardiac? Mono or Multinucleated?

Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated & mononucleated

What kind of muscle is smooth muscle? Mono or Multinucleated?

Smooth muscle is involuntary, NOT striated, & mononucleated

What are gap junctions? Also known as intercalated discs

specialized junction site that connect adjacent cardiac muscle cells in the heart

What is a mast cell

a wandering cell in connective tissue that releases chemicals that cause inflammation after injury or infection

What are 4 kinds of wandering cells?

Free macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils

Name the 3 kinds of membranes

cutaneous membrane (skin), mucous membrane, serous membrane

What is the cutaneous membrane?

skin; a dry membrane that covers the outer surface of the body

What is the mucous membrane?

A moist membrane that lines the hollow internal organs that open to the body exterior (nose, mouth, ears, etc.)

What is the serous membrane?

a slippery membrane that lines closed pleural, pericardial, peritoneal cavities

What are the functions of connective tissue?

• 🏗️Establish a structural framework for the body

• 🚚Transport fluids and dissolved materials from one region of the body to another

• 🛡️Protect delicate organs

• 🫴Support, surround, and interconnect other tissue types

• 🫙Store energy, especially in the form of lipids

• 🥷Defend the body from microorganisms