Digestive System & Nutrition Fundamentals

A series of flashcards covering key concepts in digestive system and nutritional fundamentals.

Digestive System

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.

Mastication

The process of chewing food in the mouth.

Peristalsis

The involuntary contractions of the muscles in the digestive tract to move food.

Chyme

A semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the duodenum.

Villi

Small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

Macronutrients

Nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for the body, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Micronutrients

Essential vitamins and minerals required for proper bodily functions.

Glycemic Index (GI)

A measure of how quickly glucose levels increase after consuming carbohydrates.

Complete Proteins

Proteins that contain all essential amino acids, found in sources like soy, quinoa, and animal products.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that are not stored in the body and are excreted through urine; includes Vitamin C and B-complex vitamins.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins that are stored in body fat and the liver; includes Vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Reference values for planning and assessing nutrient intakes of healthy individuals.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The energy required for involuntary activities at rest.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure used to classify individuals based on weight relative to height.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing, often requiring dietary modifications.

Primary Lesions

Skin characteristics directly related to disease processes.

Secondary Lesions

Skin changes that evolve from primary lesions or result from external causes.

Nutritional Assessment

Evaluation of an individual's dietary intake and nutritional status.