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Multicellularity evolved multiple times in fungi
T
Multicellularity evolved multiple times in animals
F
Multicellularity evolved multiple times in prokaryotic archaea
F
Multicellularity evolved multiple times in bacteria
T
Multicellularity is seen in each of the seven major groups of eukaryotes
T
All animals are multicellular
T
All choanoflagellates are multicellular
F
All fungi are multicellular
F
No choanoflagellates are multicellular
F
No fungi are multicellular
F
The common ancestor of all eukaryotes was multicellular
F
The common ancestor of all animals was multicellular
T
The common ancestor of all opisthokonts was multicellular
F
Multicellularity of animals evolved separately from multicellularity in fungi
T
Choanoflagellates are the sister group to animals
T
Cell junctions in animals are homologous to those in plants
F
Cell junctions in fungi are homologous to those in plants
F
Cell junctions in animals are homologous to those in choanoflagellates
T
Adhesion mechanisms in animals are homologous to those in plants
F
Adhesion mechanisms in plants are homologous to those in fungi
F
Adhesion mechanisms in animals are homologous to those in choanoflagellates
T
Choanocytes are a type of organism
F
No animals have flagella
F
The collar cells of choanoflagellates and animals are homologous structures.
T
The common ancestor of animals and choanoflagellates was likely colonial
T
The common ancestor of animals and choanoflagellates likely had adherence mechanismsbetween cells
T
Adherence refers to gaps between cells
F
The common ancestor of animals and choanoflagellates likely had collar cells
T
Animal multicellularity evolved in stages with some key transitions relating to colonial life
T
Choanoflagellates and other opisthokonts are key taxa for understanding the origins and mechanisms of animal multicellularity
T
The opisthokont name refers to a flagellum that, if present, if present as single flagellum and is in the posterior of the cell (i.e., rear)
T
Diploblastic organisms have two cell layers: endoderm and mesoderm
F
The blastula forms after the gastrula in animal development
F
All animals have bilateral symmetry
F
All animals have segmentation
F
All animals have a diplontic life cycle
T
The nervous systems of all animals are homologous
F
Sponges are monophyletic
T
Sponges are the sister group of all other animals
F
Sponges use spicules for feeding
F
Sponges have radial symmetry
F
Sponges have bilateral symmetry
F
Sponges have two cell layers
F
Sponge development stops at the blastula stage
T
Cnidarians are monoblastic
F
Sponges are diploblastic
F
Ctenophores are diploblastic
T
Placozoans are monoblastic
F
The nervous system of Cnidaria is homologous to that of bilaterians
F
The nervous system of Cnidaria is homologous to that of Ctenophores
F
Cnidarians are diplontic
T
Blastulas develop from gastrulas
F
Gastrulas develop from blastulas
T
Cnidae cells are found in Cnidarians and Ctenophores
F
The polyp and medusa are the two main life cycle stages seen in Cnidarians.
T
Epidermis cells in cnidarians come from the ectoderm cell layer
T
Corals are one of the cnidarian groups that have no medusa stage in their life cycle
T
The photosynthetic symbionts of corals have chloroplasts resulting from primary endosymbiosis.
F
Ctenophores are triploblastic
F
The ctenes of ctenophores have toxins used to capture prey
F
Ctenophores have no nervous system
F
Ctenophores are diplontic
T
Placozoans are diploblastic
F
Placozoans have many primitive animal traits
F
Placozoans are diplontic
T
Placozoans have no nervous system
T
Bilateria are monophyletic
T
All bilateria have bilateral symmetry
F
Cnidarians are bilaterians
F
The majority of animal species are diploblastic
F
All groups in the Bilateria have bilateral symmetry in all life cycle stages
F
Cephalization is commonly associated with a central nervous system
T
All bilaterians have cephalization at some stage of their life cycle
F
Protostomes and deuterostomes differe in the fate of the blastopore
T
Acoelomate animals have no gastrula
F
Segmentation is a homoplasious trait across animals
T
All Lophotrochozoans are diplontic
T
All Lophotrochozoans are diploblastic
F
All Lophotrochozoans have lophophores at some point in their life cycles
F
All Lophotrochozoans have trochophores at some point in their life cycles
F
Cephalization is frequently absent from filter feeders.
T
Some lophotrochozoans make chitin
T
No flatworms have bilateral symmetry
F
All flatworms are parasitic
F
All annelids are acoelomate
F
Mollusks are the most diverse group of Lophotrochozoans
T
The shell of mollusks is made by the foot
F
The radula of mollusks is used for movement
F
All mollusks are cephalized
F
The centralized nervous system of mollusks is homologous to that of mammals
F
Camouflage in mollusks depends on the central nervous system
T
All mollusks are diplontic
T
All annelids are diplontic
T
Mollusks are acoelomate
F
Mollusks have a complete gut
T
All mollusks are aquatic or marine
F
Cephalopods are the most diverse group (have the most species) of mollusks
F
he symbionts of bobtail squid are photosynthetic
F