World Civ II - Chapter 14 - Cold War Conflicts

apartheid

a South African policy of racial segregation that ended in 1991

Berlin Airlift

an operation carried out by Great Britain and the United States to supply West Berlin from the air during the Soviet Union’s blockade of West Berlin

bloc

a group of countries united for a common purpos

Cold War

a contest for ideological, social, economic, technological, and military supremacy between the United States and the Soviet Union

containment

the West’s Cold War policy goal of confining communism to the Soviet Union and the nations of Eastern Europe

Cuban Missile Crisis

the 1962 confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba

détente

the relaxation of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1970s

domino theory

the belief that the neighbors of a communist country were likely to become communist themselves

glasnost

a Soviet policy encouraging openness, which allowed those who were angry to be critical of the government

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

the 1964 resolution that gave President Lyndon Johnson permission to retaliate against North Vietnamese attacks and to act first to defend U.S. lives

Marshall Plan

a plan extending financial assistance to European nations to help them rebuild after World War II

Non-Aligned Movement

a movement of nations that sought to remain outside the sphere of influence of both the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

a military alliance among the United States, Canada, and the countries of Western Europe

perestroika

the restructuring of the Soviet state and economy under Mikhail Gorbachev

proxy wars

wars fought by allies of the Soviet Union and the United States to avoid risking a direct conflict between the two superpowers during the Cold War

satellite state

a country controlled by another nation

Truman Doctrine

the promise of U.S. assistance to any country in danger of being overthrown by communism

Warsaw Pact

a military and political alliance among the communist nations of Eastern Europe

prevent the Soviet Union from spreading communism outside Eastern Europe

What best describes the primary goal of U.S. foreign policy at the beginning of the Cold War?

Taiwan

When the Nationalists were defeated in the Chinese civil war, where did they go?

France tried to reclaim Vietnam as a colony.

What caused the First Indochina War?

Tito believed the Soviet Union should treat Yugoslavia as an equal.

All of the following are reasons Yugoslavia did not become part of the Eastern Bloc except

students

On whom did Mao Zedong rely to destroy “bourgeois” elements of Chinese society in the Cultural Revolution?

to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro

What was the purpose of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

to prevent the Soviet Union from installing missiles aimed at the United States

Why did President Kennedy begin a naval blockade of Cuba in 1962?

the collapse of the Soviet Union

The expense of fighting a war in Afghanistan contributed to

Deng Xiaoping

Who was responsible for transforming China’s economy by introducing elements of capitalism in the late 1970s?