216 Nutrition , Anthropometric and Assessment technique terms

weight loss planned

intentional weight loss

weight loss unplanned

involuntary weight loss of greater than 5% of body weight in 1 month or involuntary weight loss of greater than 10% in 6 months; weight loss of more than 20% indicates severe protein-calorie malnutrition

overnutrition

Too much food energy or excess nutrients to the degree of causing disease or increasing risk of disease; a form of malnutrition

malnutrition

deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person's intake of energy and/or nutrients

At risk for undernutrition

alcoholics, behavioral/mental health issues, children, chronic/acutely ill, decreased cognitive function, elderly, illiterate, disabled, low income, traumatic brain injured, substance abusers

nutritional health history

focuses on the clinical, physical and psychosocial factors that may affect a patient's nutritional intake; includes

food preparation, weight, dietary preferences, dietary supplements/vitamins, appetite, food intolerances/allergies, water intake

24 hour diet recall

All foods, beverages and accurate amounts (as possible) consumed within the last 24 hours

Body Mass Index (BMI)

a screening tool that identifies the amount of body fat based on height and weight; first tool to indicate nutritional status

inspection

visual examination of the external surface of the body

inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

Order of assessment EXCEPT for the abdomen:

Palpation

an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

percussion

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

Auscultation

listening to sounds within the body (usually with a stethoscope)

light palpation

detects surface characteristics and accustoms the person to being touched; finger pads 1 cm

deep palpation

assesses an organ or mass deeper in a body cavity; using finger pads of dominant hand gently press down 5 cm

tympany

The percussion note one should hear over the abdomen

Dullness on percussion

sign of fluid or solid mass under area being percussed

Resonance (percussion sound)

a low-pitched, hollow sound, usually heard over normal lung tissue

Hyperresonance Percussion Sound

lower-pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present such as in emphysema or pneumothorax

flatness

extremely dull sound produced by very dense tissue such as muscle or bone

bell of stethoscope

cup-shaped endpiece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds; bruits, murmurs

Diaphragm of stethoscope

flat endpiece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched sounds