apwh unit 1 vocab quiz

aztec human sacrifice

a religious practice in aztec culture in which humans/tributes (typically captured from wars) were sacrificed for the sun god. this impacted many facets of the society, including military status, merchant status, and boosting economy.

buddhism

a major world religion founded in South Asia around 500 and spread throughout much of asia through major trade routes. was often blended with local folk religion.

bushido

the traditional moral code followed by japanese samurais with core values including duty, honor, and character

catholic church

major religion that linked much of western europe after 1000 that gave priests and other religious officials more power through providing religious legitimacy

champa rice

a quick-growing rice variant that was introduced from vietnam into china around 1200, bolstering the country’s economy and population (resulting in a loop)

chinese economic revolution

economic revolution during the song dynasty that consisted of massive population, industrial and economic growth. factors affecting this: champa rice, internal waterways, paper money

chivalry

medieval code of conduct for knights in feudal europe that blended christian values with military bravery and feudal loyalty

christianity

major religion in eastern christendom/europe, the religion of the byzantine empire and kievan rus.spread to these areas via romans, adopted to “continue the legacy” of the romans

confucian bureaucracy

the chinese political system in the song dynasty that consisted of confucian values that built the bureaucracy - elements included the examination system that focused on confucianism (that led to social mobility within the bureaucracy)

confucianism

major philosophy in the song dynasty of china, core values were that the inferior (often the women and the peasants) must obey and be guided by the superior (often the men and the emperor). spread from china to neighboring east asian countries, however this philosophy was quickly transformed or abandoned by those countries

feudalism

the multicentered political system of western europe that relied on personal relationships, swearing oaths, etc. between lords and vassals to gain power and influence

hinduism

religion originating from india that reinforced the caste / social structure until the spread of islam, upon the introduction of which many hinduists converted.

islam

major unifying religion of dar-al-islam (the house of islam) that stretched through afro-eurasia through trade, military intervention, and migration

judaism

the oldest abrahamic religion that significantly established the first monotheistic religion

neo-confucianism

a syncretic philosophy from the song dynasty that combined classical confucian ethics with daoist and buddhist beliefs

orthodox church

eastern orthodox church was a major branch of roman catholicism that dominated much of eastern europe - used by byzantine and kievan rus to unite the people and build states.

ottoman empire

major turk-based empire that overtook parts of europe, the middle east, and north africa through military enforcement. were responsible for a lot of the religious conversions to islam during this time.

paper money

utilized by china (song dynasty) ever since the chinese economic revolution to pay taxes and make exchanges. bolstered economy by increasing flow, stimulating urbanization and centralizing state power

serfdom

a labor system where peasants are legally bound to a landowner and/or a piece of land. in feudal europe.

sharia

the islamic legal/moral system that increased state power, unified dar-al-islam, and added a common legal framework to trades and other interactions

sinocentrism

historical/political worldview that views china as the center

sufi

a less-strict branch of islam that emphasizes the mythical side of the religion

the pope

reps the centralized religions and political figure in the catholic church

tributary system

a network of tributes and rituals between china and its ‘inferior’ states such as korea where states acknowledged china’s superiority and offered gifts. in return, they recieve gifts and happiness

turkish tribes

tribes that converted to islam and founded major land-based empires

Abbasid Caliphate

750 ce-1258

Black Death spread across Eurasiam]

1346-1353

Buddhism begins spreading into China

(0~100 CE)

Crusades

1096-1291

Islam begins spreading along the Silk roads

~750 CE

Islam begins spreading along the Sand Roads

700 ~ 900 CE

Marco Polo's travels

1271-1295

Mongol Khanate

1206-1368

Renaissance

c.1300-1600

Song Dynasty

960-1279

Zheng He Explores the Ocean

1405-1433

abbasid caliphate

a central area for the arab dynasty from 750-1200, created the islamic golden age

americas

?

aztec

major mesoamerican state developed by the mexica, with vibrant religious and sacrificial activity

baghdad

the capital of the abbasid caliphate and a central hub for dar al islam

beijing

?

calicut

major cosmopolitan city and a central hub for the indian ocean trade network

constantinople

capital of byzantine empire, bridge between europe and asia

cusco

administrative, religious, and political capital of the inca empire

dar al islam

“home/house of islam”, referred to the general area in which islam was widely spread in / believed in

guangzhou

critical hub for trade

hangzhou

capital of song dynasty

inca

prominent south-american civilization , with the mit’a system of government-required labour

malaka/malacca

?

mali

centralized empire in northish africa that controlled much of the trans-saharan network and the spread of islam

mombasa

major swahili coast city state

mozambique

vital indian ocean trade network hub

samarkand

powerful trading city that grew rich by becoming a hub for silk road trade

song dynasty

golden age of china for commerialization, economy, and neo-confucian-bureaucratic government

tenochtitlan

capital of aztec empire

timbuktu

trans-saharan trade hub