A&P: Exam 2

extrinsic back muscles

intrinsic back muscles

Which joint is associated with the shoulder/arm?

glenohumeral joint

What movements occur at the shoulder?

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral rotation, medial rotation.

What movements occur at the elbow?

Flexion

extension

what joint is associated with the elbow?

humeroulnar joint

What joint is associated with the forearm?

radioulnar joint

What movement can the forearm do?

pronation and supination

What joint is associated with the wrist?

radiocarpal joint

What movement can the wrist joint do?

flexion

extension

abduction (radial deviation)

adduction (ulnar deviation)

Which digits are the fingers?

2-5

What are the joints of the fingers?

1. MCP - metacarpophalangeal

2. PIP - proximal interphalangeal

3. DIP - distal interphalangeal

What movement can the finger joints all do?

flexion; extension

Which extra movements can the MCP joint do?

1. ABduction

2. ADDuction

spreading fingers out and then in

What number digit is the pinky?

5

which movements can the 5th digit do specifically?

opposition; reposition

pinky to thumb

What are the joints of the thumb?

1. MCP - metacarpophalangeal

2. IP - interphalangeal

3. CMP - carpometacarpal

What movements can the thumb joints do?

1. flexion

2. extension

3. adduction

4. abduction

What movement does the CMP of the thumb do?

opposition and reposition

The muscles of the shoulders have multiple …

movements

The names of the shoulders are after …

it’s shape and location

What are the muscles of the shoulder mostly innervated by?

1. collateral branches of upper brachial plexus

2. axillary nerve

How many shoulder muscles are there?

8

How many arm muscles are there?

4

What are the 2 compartments of the arm muscles?

1. anterior

2. posterior

Anterior compartment arm muscles … shoulder and/or elbow.

flex

One of the ant. arm muscles ….

supinates

What are the ant. arm muscles innervated by?

musculocutaneous nerve (terminal branch of plexus)

The posterior arm muscles … shoulder and/or elbow.

extend

What are the post. arm muscles innervated by?

radial nerve (terminal branch)

How many muscles are in each compartment of the arm?

2

How many forearm muscles are there?

20

What are the compartments of the forearm muscles?

anterior and posterior

The ant. forearm muscles … and ….

flex and pronate

What are the ant. forearm muscles innervated by?

mostly median nerve

some ulnar nerve (memorize those)

The post. forearm muscles … and ….

extend and supinate

What are the post. forearm muscles innervated by?

radial nerve

How many hand muscles are there?

18

What are the hand muscles innervated by?

mostly ulnar nerve

some median (memorize)

How do muscles move joints?

by contracting

the green areas can be palpated

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

1. supraspinatus

2. infraspinatus

3. teres minot

4. subscapularis

SITS

What movement can the supraspinatus perform?

ABduction from 0-15 degrees

What movement can the infraspinatus perform?

lateral rotation

What are the supraspinatus and infraspinatus innervated by?

suprascalpular nerve ( C5-C6)

What movement can the teres minor perform?

lateral rotation

What are the infra- and supra-spinatus muscles relative to?

the spine of the scapula

What movement can the subscapularis perform?

medial rotation

What is the subscapularis innervated by?

upper and lower subscalpular nerves

rotator cuff muscles

What movements can the teres major perform?

1. medial rotation

2. aDDuction

3. extension

What is the teres major innervated by?

lower subscalpular nerve

What movements can the deltoid perform?

1. extension

2. ABduction (15-90 degrees)

3. flexion

what is the deltoid innervated by?

axillary nerve

What movement can the pectoralis minor perform?

protraction

What is the pectoralis minor innervated by?

medial pectoral nerve (cords of plexus)

What is the pectoralis major innvervated by?

medial and lateral pectoral nerves (large muscle so dual innervation)

What movement can the pectoralis major perform?

1. medial rotation

2. flexion

3. adduction

What movement does the triceps brachii perform?

extension of arm and forearm

What is the triceps brachii innervated by?

radial nerve

What is the biceps brachii innervated by?

musculocutaneous nerve

What movement does the biceps brachii perform?

flexion of arm and forearm

The biceps brachii is a powerful …

supinator

what movement can the coracobrachialis perform?

flexion of arm and shoulder

what is the coracobrachialis innervated by?

musculocutanous nerve

What movement can the brachialis perform?

flexion of forearm

Where does the brachialis muscle originate and insert?

humerus and ulna

What does the brachial artery start as?

axillary artery

How many bones are in the wrist?

8 → 2 groups of four

What are the bones of the wrist?

1. Scaphoid

2. Lunate

3. Triquetrum

4. pisiform

5. trapezium

6. trapezoid

7. capitate

8. hamate

Some lovers try positions that they cant handle (8)

What are the proximal bones of the wrist?

• scaphoid

• lunate

• triquetrum

• pisiform

What are the distal wrist bones?

• trapezium

• trapezoid

• capitate

• hamate

naming convention for forearm (sequence)

just look at this

What are forearm muscles primary functions?

1. pronate/supinate hand

2. flex/extend wrist and fingers

What are the anterior forearm muscles?

Median

1. pronate teres

2. flexor carpi radialis

3. palmaris longus

4. flexor digitorum superficialis

5. ½ flexor digitorum profundus*

6. flexor pollicis longus

7. pronator quadratus

Ulnar

1. flexor carpi ulnaris

2. ½ flexor digitorum profundus

What forearm muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?

1. flexor carpi ulnaris

2. ½ flexor digitorum profundus

what movement do most of the anterior forearm muscles do?

flex → flexor muscles

How many anterior pronator muscles are there in the forearm?

2

1. Pronator Teres

2. Pronator Quadratus

What does the palmaris longus do to the palm?

tighten the skin

all anterior arm muscles are innervated by …

musculocutaneous nerve

When does the musclocutaneous nerve become sensory?

in the forearm

What is TAN relative to?

the cubital fossa

What does TAN mean?

tendon, artery, and nerve

• biceps brachii, brachial artery, median nerve

• lateral to medial

Arteries are always … (position)

lateral to wrist tendons

What innvervates the flexor digitorm profundus?

ulnar nerve

What innervates the posterior forearm?

radial nerve

what innervates the anterior forearm?

ulnar or median nerve

Where is axillary nerve sensory area?

over the deltoid

What lets the deltoid go past 90 degrees?

scapular rotation

The teres major can do …

everything the lats can do → in case of injury

The supraspinatus initiates …

movement

Why are art lines usually placed in the radial artery?

because the ulnar artery provides majority of hand circulation

What is the anatomical snuff box?

• abductor pollicis longus

• extensor pollicis brevis

• extensor pollicis longus

innervated by radial nerve

What nerve are the posterior forearm muscles innervated by?

radial nerve

What word do most of the posterior muscles contain?

extensor

What does the anconeus muscle of the forearm do?

extend elbow

What does the brachialis muscle of the forearm do?

flex elbow

What does the abductor pollicis longus of the forearm do?

ABduct the thumb

What are the muscles in the hand innervated by the median nerve?

1. Lumbricals 1,2

2. Opponens pollicis

3. ABductor pollicis brevis

4. Flexor pollicis brevis

LOAF

THENAR muscles