Issues and Impact in Computer Science (EdExcel)

Energy Consumption

Digital devices increase global energy demand, particularly impacting greenhouse gas emissions and pollution.

Data Centers

Facilities that use 1-3% of global energy, often utilizing fossil fuels.

Environmental Impact of Energy Consumption

Includes greenhouse gas emissions, air and water pollution, land degradation, and effects on wildlife.

Manufacturing Issues

Involves excessive use of scarce natural resources and leads to environmental damage such as water pollution and habitat destruction.

Replacement Cycle Issues

Short cycles lead to increased e-waste and faster depletion of natural resources.

Disposal Issues

Landfills can cause toxic leakage, methane emissions, and hazardous exposure from e-waste in regulated countries.

Copyright

Protection against unauthorized use of content to prevent intellectual property theft.

Cybersecurity

Defensive measures against hacking and cybercrimes, including identity theft.

Data Protection

Ensuring responsible handling of personal data in compliance with legal standards.

Privacy Issues

Concerns related to unauthorized data collection and usage, including surveillance and monitoring.

Data Protection Act (2018) Principles

Fair processing, specified purposes for data collection, relevant usage, accurate records, necessary retention.

Computer Misuse Act (1990) Offenses

Includes unauthorized access, access with intent to commit further crimes, and unauthorized modification of data.

Cookies Regulation

Requires informing users about cookies, explaining their purpose, and obtaining consent.

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Machines simulating human intelligence for task automation.

Machine Learning

AI systems that improve by analyzing data and identifying patterns.

Intellectual Property Protection Methods

Includes copyright, patents, trademarks, and licensing.

Malware

Types of malicious software including viruses, worms, Trojans, keyloggers, and ransomware.

Social Engineering

Manipulative techniques used to extract confidential information from individuals.

Security Measures

Includes anti-malware software and encryption to protect data.

Acceptable Use Policies (AUP)

Guidelines for responsible usage of networks or systems.

Backup Strategies

Methods like RAID, off-site storage, and standby equipment to ensure data security.