kingship

primogeniture

the state of being the firstborn child

omnipresent

present everywhere at the same time

omniscient

knowing everything

omnipotent

having unlimited power

divine right of kings

doctrine which posits that monarchs derive their authority directly from a deity

heir

a person legally entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death

regicide

the action of killing a king

regicide quote

by hamlet’s ghost

“most unnatural”

usurped

take (a position of power or importance) unlawfully or by force

the natural order

the inherent, self-organizing system of the physical and biological world that operates independently of human intervention

anarchy

a state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority or other controlling systems

jacobean audience

theater-goers during the reign of King James I

They were deeply religious, highly superstitious, and obsessed with social hierarchy, morality, and violent, revenge-driven themes

benevolent

kind and with positive intentions

tyrannical

exercising power in a cruel or arbitrary way

restorative

having the ability to restore health, strength, or well-being

moral integrity

staying true to your ethical beliefs and values, no matter the situation

divine sanction

the authorization, approval, or blessing of an action, law, or ruler by a higher divine power or deity

legitimacy

the recognized right of a monarch to govern, providing the moral and traditional justification for their authority over subjects

what duncan is referred to after he is killed

A2 S3, Macduff

“the lord’s anointed temple”

how macduff breaks the news of duncan’s death

A2 S3, Macduff

“most…

“most sacrilegious murder hath broke ope”

macbeth on the divine right of kings/natural order

Macbeth, A1 S4

“Our duties…

“Our duties are to your throne and state”

Led Scotland gently + justly. Duncan embodies the ideal king

Macbeth, A1 S7

“This Duncan…

“This Duncan hath born his faculties so meek, hath been so clear in this great office…”

duncan rewarding loyalty + punishing disloyalty

Duncan, A1 S4

“and with…

“and with his former title, greet Macbeth”

duncan grateful for all who served him during battle

“More is thy..

“More is thy due than more than all can pay”

macbeth recognises that duncan is a good king - killing him will cause disorder

Macbeth, A1 S7

“His virtues…

“His virtues will plead like angels, trumpet tongued against the deep damnation of his taking off”

duncan trusts the wrong people

Duncan, A1 S4

“He was a gentleman on whom I built / An absolute trust”

macbeth driven by this to kill duncan

2 words

“vaulting ambition”

regicide disrupts the natural order

Macduff, A2 S3

“Murder…

“Murder hath broke ope”

empty kingship brings macbeth no pleasure

“fruitless crown”

“barren sceptre”

“full of scorpions”

“to be thus is nothing”

macbeth has no link between him and god, cannot pray

“But wherefore…

“But wherefore I could not pronounce ‘Amen’?”

macbeth doesn’t care about his people

Macbeth, A3 S4

“You know your own degrees; sit down”

macbeth is paranoid, people of scotland afraid to speak up

Ross, A4 S3

“Cruel are…

“Cruel are the times when we are traitors and do not know ourselves”

malcolm recognised and publicly praised as king

All but Malcolm, A5 S9

“Hail…

“Hail, King of Scotland!”

shakespeare makes malcolm list these to show how perfect of a king malcolm will be

Malcolm, A4 S3

“king-becoming graces”

the king-becoming graces (1st 4)

Malcolm, A4 S3

“Justice, verity, temperance, stableness…”

malcolm referred to as this and will repair natural order

hint: flower

sovereign flower

malcolm will rule this way

“by the…

“by the grace of grace”

malcolm referred to as this

Caithness

“the medicine…

“the medicine of the sickly weal”

scotland personified

Malcolm, A4 S3

“I think our country…

“I think our country sinks beneath the yoke, it weeps, it bleeds, and each new day, a gash is added to her wounds”

strange things happening after duncan’s death

Ross, A2 S4

“Duncan's horses… turned wild in nature… tis said they ate themselves”

strange things happening after duncan’s death

Old Man, A2 S4

“A falcon…

“A falcon, towering in her pride of place,
Was by a mousing owl hawk’d at and kill’d”

scotland is free at last under malcolm’s rule

Macduff, A5 S9

“The time is free”