Atom economy, percentage yield and water of crystallisation

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6 Terms

1
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How do you calculate percentage yield ?

Actual yield ( actual mass of products ) / theoretical yield ( mass of all products ) X100

2
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What are 3 reasons for a lower yield than expected ?

  1. Reactants don’t always fully react

  2. Side reactions occur

  3. Difficulty seperating products

3
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How do you calculate (percentage) atom economy ?

Mass of useful products / mass of all reactants X100

4
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What 2 ways can atom economy be improved ?

  1. Alternative reaction pathways

  2. Find use for waste products

5
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What type of reactions are water of crystallisation reactions ?

Reversible reactions

6
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How do you calculate the formula of a hydrous salt ?

  1. Mass of anhydrous salt

  2. Mr of water and anhydrous salt

  3. Moles of water and anhydrous salt

  4. Ratio- divide both moles by the smallest amount

  5. The ratio number for water is the X number in front of water