A&P II Final - SI paper

The condition of maintaining the body’s internal environment:

Homeostasis

_____ glands secrete their products into extracellular space.

Endocrine

Promotes bone growth during the formative years:

Growth Hormone

Virtually all of the protein of amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular:

Second Messengers

Release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism.

Oxytocin

Include 4 of the 6 anterior pituitary hormones; regulate the function of other endocrine glands.

Tropic Hormones

The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through what method?

-Blocking the action of growth hormone

-Targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released

-Antagonizing the synthesis of calcitonin

-Slowing the activity of tissues that require calcium for activity

Targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released

What two hormones conserve water?

ADH and Aldosterone

What two hormones act as an antagonist on blood glucose levels?

Glucagon and Insulin

When blood calcium levels are high, ____ is released from the thyroid gland to deposit the excess calcium into the bones.

Calcitonin

Movement of food through the alimentary canal:

Propulsion

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?

-Moistens food

-Kills bacteria

-Begins digestions of carbohydrates

-Begins digestion of proteins

Begins digestion of proteins

Identify the function of amylase:

-Aids in the digestion of carbohydrates

-Aids in the digestion of lipids

-Aids in the digestion of proteins

-Activates pepsin

Aids in the digestion pf carbohydrates

The mixture of chewed food and saliva is known as:

Bolus

Bile is produced by the ____ and stored in the ____.

Liver, gallbladder

What type of molecule is broken down by pepsin?

Proteins

Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the:

Small intestine

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of:

Fat

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Absorption of water and eliminates waste

These cells secrete mucous and are found in the epithelia of villi and crypts:

Goblet Cells

What are the byproducts of cellular respiration?

Water and CO2

____ is the breakdown or decomposition of large molecules to smaller ones.

Catabolism

____ lower activation energy by speeding up the reaction rate of a chemical reaction.

Enzymes

What goes into the mitochondria to make energy?

Oxygen and Glucose

Which of these is NOT a category of nutrients?

-Vitamins

-Carbohydrates

-Pepsin

-Minerals

Pepsin

Pulmonary ventilation is also known as:

Breathing

Exchange of gases between the air and blood is known as ___ and the exchange of gases between blood and tissue fluid is known as ___.

External Respiration; Internal Respiration

Identify the structure that keeps food and drink from entering the lower respiratory tract:

Epiglottis

The voice box is also called the ____.

Larynx

The serous membrane that adheres to the surface of the lungs is known as the ___ and the membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the ___.

Visceral Pleura, Parietal Pleura

During gas exchange within the lungs, oxygen diffuses from the ___ into the blood of the ___.

Alveoli, Pulmonary Capillaries

During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, causing the volume of the thoracic cavity to ____ and the intrapulmonary pressure to ____.

Decrease, Increase

All of the following are part of the conduction zone except the ___.

Respiratory Bronchioles

Which of the following statements is FALSE in regard to inspiration?

-The rib cage is elevated

-The diaphragm is relaxed

-Volume in the thoracic cavity has increased

-Intrapulmonary pressure has decreased

The diaphragm is relaxed

Most of the oxygen in the blood is transported:

-As dissolved oxygen in the plasma

-Attached to the heme group of the hemoglobin in red blood cells

-Attached to the globin part of the hemoglobin in red blood cells

-As bicarbonate ions in red blood cells

Attached to the heme group of the hemoglobin in red blood cells

Red Blood Cells:

Don’t have a nucleus

Production increases when blood oxygen decreases.

Erythropoietin

Type of white blood cell that releases large amounts of histamine are:

Basophils

Given these processes in hemostasis:

1) Platelet Plug Formation

2) Vascular Spasm

3) Coagulation

• Choose the arrangement that lists the process of hemostasis in the correct order.

2,1,3

What would you suspect to find if someone has high blood erythropoietin levels?

Blood Oxygen Deficiency

Which blood component is NOT correctly matched with its function?

-Erythrocytes - transport oxygen

-Leukocytes - protect against disease

-Platelets - phagocytize bacteria

-Plasma proteins - maintain blood osmotic pressure

Platelets - Phagocytize Bacteria

Which process attracts leukocytes to damaged tissue?

Chemotaxis

A pulmonary embolism is a blood clot that blocks blood flow in vessel:

-Supplying part of the lungs

-Supplying part of the heart

-Supplying part of the brain

-Supplying part of the kidneys

Supplying part of the lungs

What kind of risk exists when a woman who is Rh negative carries an Rh positive fetus?

-There is usually no risk during the first pregnancy, but it can harm the fetus during a second pregnancy if the mother is not given treatment

-It always poses a serious risk to the fetus, even in the first pregnancy

-Only in rare cases is there a risk to the fetus

-There is never a risk to the fetus in the pregnancy

There is usually no risk during the first pregnancy, but it can harm the fetus during a second pregnancy if the mother is not given treatment

Which type of leukocyte is correctly matched with its function?

-Basophils - Release histamine in areas of damaged tissue

-Neutrophils - Leave the blood vessels and become macrophages

-Lymphocytes - Phagocytize bacteria

-Neutrophils - Defend against parasitic worm infections

Basophils - Release histamine in areas of damaged tissue

Identify the circuit that pumps blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart:

Pulmonary Circuit

Identify the thickest layer of the heart wall:

Myocardium

Identify the valve that separates the right atrium and the right ventricle:

Tricuspid Valve

What is the natural pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

What ECG wave accompanies ventricular depolarization?

QRS Complex

The contraction of the heart muscle is called:

Systole

Name the condition of having low blood pressure (below 100 systolic):

Hypotension

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of veins?

-They have valves

-They receive blood from venules

-They transport oxygen rich blood

-They transport blood towards the heart

They transport oxygen rich blood

Are cell fragments; Have surface molecules that attach to collagen; Play an important role in clot formation.

Platelets

The first sound of the heart beat results from:

-The closing of the semilunar valves

-The closing of the atrioventricular valves

-The contraction of the atria

-The contraction of the ventricles

The closing of the atrioventricular valves