REL 374 Exam2 Quizzes

At lease 25,000 of the estimated 50,000 (or more) deaths during the European "witch craze" occurred in which country?

 

England

France

Germany

Italy

Scotland

Prague

Spain

Germany

Old women were the only targets of witch accusations during the "witch craze".

 

True

False

False

Which of the following were direct products of the early stages of the Protestant Reformation?

 

The creation of new sects in Christianity

The eradication of Catholicism

Universal religious freedom in Europe

Unification of all Protestant reformers

A pause on religiously-based violence

All of the above 

None of the above

The creation of new sects in Christianity

The most common theme of witch interrogations, confessions, and trials revolved around:

 

Hatred of God

Fertility and sex

Sickness and disease

Wealth and property

Weather and drought

Marriage and sacraments

Fertility and sex

The majority of witch trials in Medieval Europe occurred between 1550 and 1650.

 

True

False

True

While Catholics actively hunted and persecuted witches, Protestants did not believe in witches and sheltered and saved those accused of witchcraft.

 

True

False

False

Torture was outlawed for witch interrogations, and imprisonment and interrogations for accused witches maintained the same strict legal processes as any other criminal investigation of the time.

 

True

False

False

Heinrich Kramer wrote the Summis desiderantes affectibus in 1484.

 

True

False

False

Heinrich Kramer wrote the Malleus Maleficarum, but prompted Pope Innocent VIII to write Summis desiderantes affectibus, which was a papal bull.

According to Roper, a witch's confession of cannibalism could be connected to:

 

Exhuming infants

The Host bread

Jews

Feasts with the devil

All the above

None of the above

All the above

The Malleus Maleficarum set the precedent for:

 

Women's susceptibility to the devil

Effective torture methods to use on witches

Interrogation questions for rooting out witchcraft

Theological support for the reality of witchcraft

All the above

None of the above

All the above

According to Roper, it was commonly believed that "pain freed the tongue of the criminal", but confessions that happened under torture needed to be repeated when torture had been paused to confirm the confession's legitimacy.

True

False

True

According to Roper, many accused witches confessed to having sex with the devil.

 

True

False

True

According to Roper, sex with the devil was the ultimate evil because no one else was having sex outside of the sacrament of marriage.

 

True

False

False

According to Roper, the confessions of an accused witch facing execution were to be trusted, thus anyone else implicated in a confession would have their reputation destroyed.

 

True

False

True

For people living in the Middle Ages, which of the following was not a commonly held belief about women:

 

Women were innately more susceptible to the devil's corruption

The weak female mind was not at fault for the devil's deception

Women were naturally lustful and their sexuality must be controlled

The older a woman became, the more envious she would be of youth

Gender inequality came from God's inherent design and not human decision or intervention

All the above

None of the above

The weak female mind was not at fault for the devil's deception

From our class discussions, "Christian" is an umbrella category that includes Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.

 

True

False

True

According to Roper, social shifts in the 16th and 17th centuries made it easier for unmarried mothers to sue the child's father for financial support and avoid social ostracization.

 

True

False

False

According to Roper, because Catholic and Protestant doctrine drastically differed in their views on women, Medieval women gained significant authority and power directly following the Reformation.

 

True

False

False

According to Roper, simultaneous to the witch craze in Europe, it became more common for state authorities to execute woman accused of infanticide.

 

True

False

True

According to Roper, older women were thought of as socially inferior and susceptible to witchcraft due to their:

 

Insatiable lust

Decreased fertility

Burden on the household

Jealousy of youth

Dryness and blood impurities

All the above

None of the above

All the above

According to Roper, "fantasies" spring up in the mind without any connection to religious, political, or social ideals, and are primarily the result of demography. 

 

True

False

False

According to Roper, fears surrounding child witches included:

 

Seduction by family members

Masturbation

The content of "play"

Harming other children

Diabolic powders

All the above

None of the above

All the above

According to roper, sexual activity with the devil was only part of adult accusations and confessions of witchcraft and was not something accused children confessed to.

 

True

False

False

Who was Juditha Wagner?

 

An old woman accused of seducing children

A seamstress who was run out of town

A councilman's wife who was cursed by a child witch

A young woman who confessed to witchcraft

 None of the above

A young woman who confessed to witchcraft

According to Roper, which of the following was not commonly part of children's confessions of witchcraft?

Cannibalism of other children

Diabolic powders

Attending a witches sabbath

Putting bones, feces, or teeth in their parent's bed

All the above

None of the above

Cannibalism of other children

Enlightenment thinkers universally believed that religion should be eradicated.

 

True

False

False

When 17th and 18th Century Enlightenment thinkers referred to "man", they were talking about all of humanity across the globe.

 

True

False

False

As discussed in class, these two things can both acquire power (social influence, a following, prompt action, etc.), and both can challenge authority (those appointed to positions and with the ability to create and enforce rules, laws, mandates, etc.). However, the central difference between the two is that a ________ is unsuccessful, while a ________ is successful.

rebellion; revolution

Though their impacts can be felt elsewhere, following the Age of Enlightenment witchcraft and heresy accusations lessened in frequency and eventually died out in Europe near the end of the 1700's.

True

 False

True

Which of the following Christian groups makes up 23% of the U.S. population today?

Catholics

Lutherans

Evangelicals

Anglicans

Baptists

Puritans

All of the above

None of the above

Evangelicals