Biomed Unit 1 SA #1

Regional terms, Directional terms, Definition of tissue, 4 major types of tissues, Facial muscles, Bone types, Fracture patterns

What does the orbicularis oculi muscle do?

closes eyelids

What does the orbicularis oris muscle do?

puckering lips

What does the Temporalis muscle do?

moves lower jaw to chew

What are all the parts of a skull?

Mandible, maxilla, zygomatic process, frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal

Where is the mandible?

Jaw

Where is the maxilla?

Around nose area

Where is the zygomatic process?

cheek bones

Where is the frontal?

fore head/ front of head

Where is the temporal?

side of head (near ears)

Where is the occipital?

bottom of the back of the head

Where is the parietal?

top/ center of the back of the head

What does the pink part represent?

Frontal

What does the grey part represent?

Mandible

What does the purple part represent?

Temporal

What does the green part represent?

Zygomatic process

What does the orange part represent?

Maxilla

What does the blue part represent?

Parietal

What does the green part represent?

Occiptial

What does the orange part represent?

Temporal

What does the yellow part represent?

Frontal

What does the white part represent?

Zygomatic process

What does the light blue part represent?

Mandible

What does the lime green part represent?

Maxilla

Long bone description

• Has a tubular shaft and articular surface at each end of the bone

Short bone description

• Smaller version of long bone

Flat bone description

• Thin and has broad surfaces

Irregular bone description

• Irregular in size and shape

• Compact

Long bone Examples

• Femur

• Humerus

Short bone Examples

• Metacarpals

• Metatarsals

• Clavicle

• Phalanges

Flat bone Examples

• Ribs

• Sternum

• Scapula

Irregular bone examples

• Vertebrae

• Carpals

• Tarsals

• Petella

Epiphysis

• End of the long bone

• Spongy bone and red marrow

Diaphysis

• Shaft of the long bone

• Mostly compact bone

Cartilage

• Smooth, flexible tissue

• Reduces friction and cushions joints

Periosteum

• Tougher outer membrane covering bone, nerves and blood vessels

Compact (cortical) bone

• Dense, strong outer layer of bone (cortical bone)

Spongy (cancellous) bone

• Porous, lightweight inner bone with spaces for marrow

Medullary cavity

• Hollow center of the diaphysis

• Where Marrow is stored

Red bone marrow

• Marrow that makes blood cells

• Found in epiphyses

Yellow bone marrow

• Marrow that stores fat

• Found in the medullary cavity

Directional Terms

 Describes the location of one structure compared to another.

Anterior

Toward the front of the body.

Posterior

Toward the back of the body

Inferior

Below; toward the feet.

Superior

Above; toward the head.

Medial

Toward the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline.

Distal

Farther from the point of reference.

Proximal

Closer to the point of reference.

Superficial

Near the body’s surface.

Deep

Further into the body.

Ventral

Toward the belly side. (animals)

Dorsal

Toward the back side. (animals)

Regional Terms

Describes specific regions/ locations

Axial Skeleton

head, trunk, neck

Appendicular Skeleton

Bones of the limbs

Abdominal

Relating to the abdomen

Antecubital

Front of the elbow

Axillary

Armpit area

Brachial

Arm region

Buccal

Face cheek area

Calcaneal

Heel region

Carpal

Wrist region

Cephalic

Head region

Cervical

Neck region

Coxal

Waist/ belt line area

Digital

Fingers or toes

Femoral

Thigh area

Gluteal

Buttock area

Inguinal

Groin area

Lumbar

Lower back area

Metacarpal

Hand bones between fingers and wrist

Metatarsal

Foot bones between ankle + toes

Nasal

Nose area

Occipital

Back of the head

Olecranal

Back of the elbow

Oral

Mouth area

Orbital

Eye socket region

Patellar

Front of the knee (knee cap)

Pelvic

Hip area

Popliteal

Back of the knee

Sacral

Tail bone

Scapular

Shoulder blade region

Sternal

Brestbone region (sternum/ chest plate)

Tarsal

Ankle region

Thoriacic

Chest region (whole ribcage)

Umbilical

Naval region (belly button)

Vertebral

Spinal column region

Different body planes:

Coronal plane

Sagittal plane

Transverse plane

Median plane

Coronal plane

Vertical split into anterior + posterior halves (front + back)

Sagittal plane

Vertical split unequal left + right sides

Transverse plane

Horizontal split superior + inferior halves

Median plane

Vertical split equal life + right halves

Definition of Tissue

Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure that work together to perform a specific function

4 main types of tissue:

• Epithelium

• Connective tissue

• Muscle

• Nervous Tissue

Epithelium examples:

• Outer layer of skin

• Air sacs

- Forms the linings, coverings and glandular tissues of the body

Connective tissue examples:

• Bone

• Cartilage

• Adipose tissue (fat)

• Blood

Muscle tissue examples:

• Skeletal muscle

• Cardiac muscle

• Smooth muscle

Nervous tissue examples:

• Nerves

• Spinal cord

• Brain

What are the parts of the vertebral column?

• Cervical

• Thoracic

• Lumbar

• Sacral

• Coccyx