protein
large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
virus
nonliving strand of genetic material within a protein coat
Why are viruses considered nonliving?
Have no organelles to take in nutrients or use energy​
Cannot make proteins​
Cannot move​
Cannot replicate on their own​
capsid
outside layer of all viruses
What happens to the lytic cycle?
the host cell makes many copies of the viral RNA or DNA
What happens to the lysogenic cycle?
viral DNA integrates into a chromosome in a host cell
Retroviruses have…
have RNA instead of DNA for their genetic material
prion
protein that can cause infection or disease
example of prion
CJD
What does CJD result in?
cells in brain burst; spaces in brain
archaea environments
halophiles (salt-loving)​
methanogens (use CO2 and give off methane)​
thermoacidophiles (high temperature, low pH)​
anaerobic cannot tolerate…
oxygen
Prokaryotes
microscopic, unicellular organisms
capsule
surrounds or encloses something else
Pili
submicroscopic hair-like structures made of protein
Binary fission
the asexual division of one cell into two identical cells
conjugation
two prokaryotes attach to each other and exchange genetic information​
Heterotrophs​ cannot…
synthesize their own food
Photoautotrophs
gain energy through photosynthesis
​Chemoautotrophs
break down and release inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen or sulfur
Endospores
dormant cells produced in response to harsh environmental conditions