RATES, RATIOS, AND VITAL STATISTICS

RATIO

also called a proportion if the quotient of the sum of the two numbers.

RATIO

A good example is number of deaths per population.

RATE

ratio involving a time period.

RATE

count or measurement is observed over a period and then divided by its base or population of observation.

Incidence Rate

measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a given period of time.

Incidence Rate

Deals only with NEW cases

Prevalence rate

Measures the proportion of the population which exhibits a particular disease at a particular time.

Prevalence rate

This can only be determined following a survey of the population concerned.

Prevalence rate

Deals with total (OLD and NEW) number of cases

INCIDENCE

Also known as attack rate, case, sickness rate morbidity rate

INCIDENCE

It refers to newly discovered cases of a particular disease

INCIDENCE

It answers the question “how frequent do cases of a particular disease occur during a given period of time”

INCIDENCE

Used when dealing with acute conditions and accidents.

PREVALENCE

It refers to the newly discovered and old cases of a particular disease over a population

PREVALENCE

Used when dealing with chronic conditions and disabilities

PREVALENCE

It answers the question “what proportion of the group or population is actually ill with a particular disease at a point in time.

PREVALENCE

Usually determined by means of survey

crude birth rate

This is a measure of fertility of the population

CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR)

– Only live births are counted

CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR)

– The denominator is the total population which includes children, old people and males

CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR)

– The rate is expressed in population unit of 1000 to make the figures meaningful

CRUDES DEATH RATE (CDR)

This is a measure of the risk of dying from all causes in a population

The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CBR)

– statistical values that can be utilized to measure the growth or decline of a population.

The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CBR)

measured by the rate of births or deaths respectively among a population of 1000.

The Crude Birth Rate (CBR) and Crude Death Rate (CBR)

– determined by taking the total number of births or deaths in a population and dividing both values by a number to obtain the rate per 1000.

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR)

Measure the risk of dying due to the process of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium.

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR)

It also measures the adequacy of maternal health services

INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)

Measures the risk of dying due to infancy (under 1 year of age)

INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR)

deaths under 1 year of age/ number of live births x 1000

NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE

Measures the risk of dying in the first four weeks of life of the infant (newborn)

NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE

The number of children dying under 28 days of age divided by the number of live births that year

NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE

( Number of infant death / number of life birth ) X 1000

FETAL DEATH RATE

Measures the risk of dying before birth

PERI-NATAL MORTALITY RATE

The word means around the period of birth (a month or more before births and one month after birth)

PERI-NATAL MORTALITY RATE

Measures the loss of life in later pregnancy and early infancy.

• Crude Birth rate

• General Fertility Rate

Fertility Rates

• Crude Death rate

• Specific Mortality rate

• Cause-of-Death Rate

• Infant Mortality Rate

• Maternal Mortality rate

• Proportionate Mortality rat

• Swaroop’s Index

• Case Fatality rate

Mortality Rate

• Incidence Rate

• Prevalence Rate

Morbidity Rates