Visual impairments (week 11)

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7 Terms

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Visual impairments definition

says a visually impaired person’s eyesight cannot be corrected to a “normal level”

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leading causes of low vision and blindness

in the United States are age-related eye diseases: macular degeneration, cataract and glaucoma.

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macular degeneration

- caused by the deterioration of the central portion of the retina

The retina’s central portion, the macula, is responsible for focusing central vision in the eye, and it controls our ability to read, drive a car, recognize faces or colors, and see objects in fine detail.

<p>- caused by the deterioration of the central portion of the retina</p><p>The retina’s central portion, the macula, is responsible for focusing central vision in the eye, and it controls our ability to read, drive a car, recognize faces or colors, and see objects in fine detail.</p><p></p>
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cataracts

A clouding or loss of transparency of the lens in the eye as a result of tissue breakdown and protein clumping.

Symptoms include double or blurred vision and sensitivity to light and glare. Sunglasses can help to prevent cataracts.

<p>A clouding or loss of transparency of the lens in the eye as a result of tissue breakdown and protein clumping.</p><p>Symptoms include double or blurred vision and sensitivity to light and glare. Sunglasses can help to prevent cataracts.</p><p></p>
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Glaucoma

A common eye condition in which the fluid pressure inside the eye rises to a level higher than healthy for that eye. If untreated, it may damage the optic nerve, causing the loss of vision or even blindness.

The elderly, African-Americans, and people with family histories of the disease are at greatest risk. Usually occurs after the age of 40.

Often, there are no symptoms until the vision is affected and the damage is permanent. The first sign of glaucoma is often the loss of peripheral vision, which can go unnoticed until late in the disease. Sudden increase in pressure can cause eye pain, headache, blurred vision, or the appearance of halos around lights may occur.

<p>A common eye condition in which the fluid pressure inside the eye rises to a level higher than healthy for that eye. If untreated, it may damage the optic nerve, causing the loss of vision or even blindness.</p><p>The elderly, African-Americans, and people with family histories of the disease are at greatest risk. Usually occurs after the age of 40.</p><p>Often, there are no symptoms until the vision is affected and the damage is permanent. The first sign of glaucoma is often the loss of peripheral vision, which can go unnoticed until late in the disease. Sudden increase in pressure can cause eye pain, headache, blurred vision, or the appearance of halos around lights may occur.</p><p></p>
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communication

 Verbal – will need more verbal cues than average pts 

 Non-verbal – tone of voice very important

 Physical – tactile sense is very important; If the pt has some vision, visual aids such as special glasses and large print books can make life easier. There are also devices to help those with no vision, like text-reading software and braille books.

 

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Things to keep in mind

Keep aisles and open spaces free from obstructions - check for protrusions at head height also

Give precise instructions and thorough explanations

May need large print if pt can see some objects; font size 16-18 recommended

May need to have good lighting

Let the pt tell you how you can help them if completely or legally blind