HN204 Lecutre 20 ILO's

Large intestine

The final part of the digestive system where water is absorbed and waste is prepared for elimination.

Cecum

The pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.

Ascending colon

The part of the colon that ascends on the right side of the abdomen.

Transverse colon

The part of the colon that runs horizontally across the abdomen.

Descending colon

The part of the colon that descends on the left side of the abdomen.

Sigmoid colon

The S-shaped last part of the colon leading into the rectum.

Rectum

The final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

Anal canal

The terminal part of the digestive tract, leading to the anus.

Anus

The opening at the end of the digestive tract through which waste leaves the body.

Teniae (taeniae) coli

Three longitudinal bands of muscle that run along the length of the colon.

Haustra

Pouches or sacculations in the colon that allow for expansion and contraction.

Epiploic appendages

Small pouches of fat that hang from the colon.

Omental appendices

Fatty tissue projections along the colon.

Ileocecal valve

The valve that separates the small intestine from the large intestine.

Right colic flexure

The bend in the colon between the ascending and transverse colon.

Hepatic flexure

The bend in the colon located near the liver.

Left colic flexure

The bend in the colon between the transverse and descending colon.

Splenic flexure

The bend in the colon located near the spleen.

Diverticulosis

The presence of diverticula in the colon without inflammation.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of diverticula in the colon.

Hemorrhoids

Swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus.

Diverticula

Small bulging pouches that can form in the lining of the digestive system.

Accessory organs

Organs that assist in digestion but are not part of the digestive tract.

Bile

A digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps in the digestion of fats.

Hepatocyte

The main functional cells of the liver.

Liver right lobe

The larger lobe of the liver located on the right side.

Liver left lobe

The smaller lobe of the liver located on the left side.

Falciform ligament

A ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.

Quadrate lobe

A lobe of the liver located on the inferior surface.

Caudate lobe

A lobe of the liver located posteriorly.

Porta hepatis

The area of the liver where blood vessels, ducts, and nerves enter and exit.

Hepatic portal vein

The vein that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver.

Hepatic artery proper

The artery that supplies blood to the liver.

Right and left hepatic ducts

Ducts that drain bile from the right and left lobes of the liver.

Common hepatic duct

The duct formed by the convergence of the right and left hepatic ducts.

Round ligament

A remnant of the umbilical vein that runs along the falciform ligament.

Ligamentum teres

The fibrous remnant of the umbilical vein.

Liver lobules

The functional units of the liver.

Central vein

The vein that collects blood from the liver lobules.

Portal triad

The structure containing a branch of the hepatic artery, a branch of the portal vein, and a bile duct.

Bile duct

The duct that carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder and duodenum.

Liver sinusoids

Small blood vessels in the liver that allow for exchange between blood and liver cells.

Stellate cells

Liver cells involved in the storage of vitamin A and the production of extracellular matrix.

Stellate macrophages

Immune cells located in the liver that help in the removal of pathogens.

Myofibroblast

Cells that play a role in wound healing and fibrosis in the liver.

Gallbladder

The organ that stores bile produced by the liver.

Gallstones

Small crystals that form from bile in the gallbladder.

Cystic duct

The duct that connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct.

Pancreas

An organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.

Main pancreatic duct

The duct that carries digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the duodenum.

Accessory pancreatic duct

A secondary duct that may also carry pancreatic juices to the duodenum.

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas.

Cirrhosis

Chronic liver damage leading to scarring and liver failure.

Ascites

The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Periumbilical caput medusae

A condition characterized by distended veins around the navel due to portal hypertension.

Esophageal varices

Enlarged veins in the esophagus that can rupture and cause bleeding.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

A condition characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver not due to alcohol.

NAFLD

An acronym for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.