Final Exam: A&P 1

Auburn U

The two main divisions of the nervous system based on whether they involve processes that we consciously perceive and control, or whether the processes are regulated below the conscious level, are ____ & _____

Somatic, automatic

Which (3) regions of the central nervous system play a role in regulating the autonomic nervous system?

spinal cord

brainstem

hypothalamus

what are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Parasympathetic, sympathetic

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is also known as the thoracolumbar division?

Sympathetic Division

The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system is also called the craniosacral division

Parasympathetic

Which nervous system involves processes that are regulated below the conscious level?

Autonomic

hypothalamus, which controls autonomic nervous system regions in the ______ & _____

brainstem, spinal cord

Which 3 cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Facial, Oculomotor, vagus

Which division of the autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis when we are at rest?

Parasympathetic

location of preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system allows it to be also known as the ______ division.

Craniosacral

Preganglionic sympathetic axons travel with somatic motor neuron axons to exit the spinal cord and enter the ______ roots

anterior

Which division of the autonomic nervous system exhibits a mass activation response during stressful situations, stimulating all innervated components at once?

sympathetic division

Which part of the cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk distributes axons to structures within the head and neck?

superior cervical ganglion

the vagus nerve innervates the ____ & ____

ovaries, testes

_____ _____ connect the spinal nerves to each sympathetic trunk

Rami Communicantes

Preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves are carried to the sympathetic trunk through the ______ rami communicantes

White

The white rami communicantes connect the _____ nerves to each sympathetic trunk.

Spinal

what type of rami communicantes allow sympathetic information originating from the thoracolumbar region to be dispersed throughout the body?

Grey

Splanchnic nerves are composed of ______ sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion.

Pregangiolic

Sympathetic postganglionic axons innervating thoracic viscera extend from neuron cell bodies within ____ & ______ cervical ganglion

Middle, inferior

Prevertebral ganglia typically cluster around the origins of the major abdominal _____ and are named for these structures.

organs

Prevertebral ganglia are only located within the ______ cavity

Abdominopelvic

Splanchnic nerves are composed of ______ sympathetic neurons that did not synapse

Splanchnic

Where do the splanchnic nerves typically terminate?

Prevertebral ganglia

what are pre vertebral ganglia anterior to?

The vertebral column

The prevertebral ganglia are located on the anterolateral surface of the _____

aorta

The ganglion that is adjacent to the origin of the celiac artery is the
______ ganglion

celiac

Which axons could be found within an autonomic plexus? (____ _____ axons)

Sympathetic Postganglionic

what horn of the spinal cord (in segments T1-L2) houses the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

Lateral horn

The terminal branches of sympathetic axons contain swollen beads called _____knobs.

synaptic

Axons that release acetylcholine are called ______.

Cholinergic

Collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons, parasympathetic preganglionic axons, and some visceral sensory axons that provide complex innervation to target organs are known as ______ plexuses.

Autonomic

Which segments of the spinal cord house the sympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies?

T1-L2

Nicotinic & Muscarinic are _____ receptors?

Cholinergic

The synaptic knobs of postganglionic adrenergic neurons contain ______.

norepinephrine

Parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve causes the airways to ______ in diameter

decrease

Which adrenergic receptors have stimulatory effects?

Alpha

Which adrenergic receptors have stimulatory or inhibitory effects?

Beta

increased sympathetic stimulation causes vessels innervated by only sympathetic axons to ______

constrict

decreased sympathetic stimulation causes vessels innervated by only sympathetic axons to ____

contract

An organ receiving innervation from postganglionic axons from both divisions of the autonomic system has _____ innervation.

Dual

The continuous activity of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is called ____ ____

autonomic tone

Dual innervation involves the ____ & ____ divisons of the ANS

parasympathetic, sympathetic