ap gov unit 3 test 9 required supreme court cases

schenck v united states (1919)

• ww1 distributed leaflets against the draft

• convicted of violating the espionage act of 1917

• scotus ruled that it didn’t violate his 1st amendment right to freedom of speech

• established the clear and present danger test

brown v board (1954)

declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson.

engel v vitale (1962)

• short voluntary prayer at start of school day in new york

• scotus ruled that the prayer violated the establishment clause of the first amendment

gideon v wainwright (1963)

• charged with a felony in florida

• he requested a court appointed lawyer but the state refused

• scotus ruled that 6th amendment right to counsel is applicable in state courts under the 14th amendment

tinker v des moines independent community school district (1969)

• students wore wristbands to protest the vietnam war

• scotus ruled that the school banning the wearing of wristbands as symbolic speech is unconstitutional under 1st amendment

• free speech in schools

new york times co v united states (1971)

• nixon administration tried to prevent new york times from publishing documents about vietnam war saying that it was dangerous (prior restraint)

• scotus ruled that prior restraint violates 1st amendment freedom of the press

wisconsin v yoder (1972)

• amish parents in wisconsin persecuted for pulling their kids out of school after 8th grade

• scotus ruled that wisconsin’s requirement violated 1st amendment free exercise of religion

shaw v reno (1993)

• north carolina redrew two districts to have a black majority

• scotus ruled that racially gerrymandered districts violate the 14th amendment

mcdonald v chicago (2010)

• tried to buy a gun in chicago but was stopped b/c of the city’s gun purchase bans

• scotus ruled that 2nd amendment applies to states because of the 14th amendment due process clause