AP PSYCH BIOLOGY

endocrine

dealt by the hypothalamus in the brain and they create hormones

EEG

Usually used during seizures of sleep studies and helps map brain waves and track fast activity

CT

Used to check for bone damage and internal organs and it works like an X-ray that takes multiple images to make into one of give out in sheets

PET

Used to check for cancer or soft tissue(mainly on the brain) and it works by introducing radioactive glucose that the body turns into energy and it uses that top map out what sections of the brain the energy is going to and the parts that it isn’t are usually timer filled or some damage to the brain tissue

MRI

Focuses on soft tissue and torn ligaments and uses a big magnet to map out images of ur brain

FMRI

Used to check for stroke or general abnormalities and it works by tracking the amount of oxygen the bloodcells are carrying to a certain section

BRAIN

It’s made up of neurons and glial cells and the glial cells support and nourish the neuron

MEDULLA

It’s connected to your spinal cord and controls all of the things that essentially keep us alive such as our heartbeat and breathing

PONS

Sitting right on top of the medulla it serve as a sort of bridge and helps cordinate movement/facial expressions/sleep

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers your nervous system uses to carry messages from neurons to other neurons

Neurons

There’s three type of neuron that focuse on three different kinds of info sensory/inter/motor neurons and they serve as the building blocks of our system

Recticular formation

It focuses of picking out what sensory information is a priority and helps with arousel and the ability to focus attention of a priority

Cerebellum

Bella de ballerina bc it helps cordinate muscle movement and balance and without it Bella wouldn’t be a ballerina

Thalamus

After the recricular formation chooses what sensory information is a priority the thalamus knows and chooses where to send the info in the brain and it can deal with all sorts of sensory information except for smell

Lambic system

A set of organs and glands in charge of sending hormones into our bloodstream to control emotions

Hypothalamus

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Potassium ions

Helps bring back the mostly negative space(repolerize) after the sodium ions did they’re thing

Repolerize

The act of turning the space negative again

Excibitory

(Green light) and it votes to continue the action based on the threshold

Inhibitory

(Red light) votes on not continuing the action based on its threshold

Acetylcholine(ACh)

Enables muscle action/kearning/memory and when people get Alzheimer’s it causes the ACh production to deteriorate(exhibitors)

Dopamine

Influences movement/learning/attention/emotion and when there’s too much it can cause schizophrenia but when there’s to little it can cause Parkinson’s

Seratonin

Affects out mood/hunger/sleep/arousel and too little supply can cause depression which is treated by Prozac

Norepinephrine

Helps control alertness and arousel and an under supply can cause a depressive mood(exhibitory)

GABA

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter that is supplied with gama and and under supply is linked to seizures/tremors/insomnia(inhibitory)

Gluternate

An Excibitory neurotransmitter involved with memory and an oversupply can overstimulate the brain producing migraines or sequined which is why some people avoid MSG

Peripheral nervous system(PNS)

The nervous system involved with anything that isn’t the brain or spinal cord

central nervous system (CNS)

The nervous system that’s only involved with the brain and spinal cord

Autonomic

Connected to the ONS it’s the things we don’t have to think about doing

Somatic

Connected to the PNS it’s the things we have to think abt doing

Sympathetic

Connected to the automatic NS it’s a survival sense that helps our body wort and prioritize survival

Parasympathetic

It’s part of the automatic NS and it helps our body calm down after the sympathetic system activates

Neural network

There when neurons get together to create a stronger bonds that create a strong output based on a input

Inputs

Any kind of information

Outputs

The result from the inputs

Spinal cord

Goes through the (sensory to inter to motor to spinal cord to action to brain thingy)

Reflex arc

Touch to sensory to inter to spinal to motor to brain

Dendrite

The ends of a neuron that connect to other neurons to transport the message

Cell body

Also known as a soma is the central nucleus that’s maintains a cells life and combines incoming signals

axon

The stem where the neurotransmitters bass thru the dendrites

Myelin sheath

Helps keep the electrical signals consistent

Nodes of ranvier

Helps the signals speed up the process that is called action potential

Action potential

It’s the electrical voltage itself

Sodium ions

Work as the start of the action potential that passes through the axons and depolarizes the space temporarily positive

Depolarization

The act of turning positive

Normal neural transmitters

It’s the actual key that fits into the receptors and it’s a natural chemical

Agonist

Acts as a fake key that is usually an outside drug that comes in and replicates the same effect a normal neural transmitter does

Antagonist

Acts as a fake key thAt jams the receptor and doesn’t let the normal neural transmitter do its job well or at all

Hypothalamus

Cerebral cortex

Glial cells

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital Lobe

Motor cortex

Left and right hemisphere

Hippocampus

Amygdala