AP Biology DNA, Transcription, Translation, Replication

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41 Terms

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DNA Helicase
Enzyme that unwinds the DNA at the replication fork.
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DNA Polymerase III
Adds nucleotides in the 5'-3' direction and proofreads DNA.
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DNA Polymerase I
Enzyme that removes RNA primer during replication.
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RNA Primase
Synthesizes a short RNA primer on DNA, which is later removed.
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Semiconservative replication
Process where half of the new DNA molecule is derived from the original double helix.
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dAdenine
Nucleotide that pairs with Thymine in DNA.
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dThymine
Nucleotide that pairs with Adenine in DNA.
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dGuanine
Nucleotide that pairs with Cytosine in DNA.
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dCytosine
Nucleotide that pairs with Guanine in DNA.
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Replication Fork
Site where DNA Topoisomerase pulls DNA strands apart.
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DNA Ligase
Enzyme that connects Okazaki fragments.
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Parental DNA
The original strand of DNA serving as a template during replication.
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Lagging Strand
Strand of DNA which is copied in segments and later connected with DNA Ligase.
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Leading Strand
Strand of DNA copied continuously in the 3'-5' direction.
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RNA Primer
Nucleic acid that binds to DNA to initiate replication.
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DNA Topoisomerase
Enzyme that separates the strands of DNA.
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Sense Strand
Strand of DNA that is copied into RNA.
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Antisense Strand
Strand of DNA that is not transcribed into RNA.
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rAdenine
Nucleotide that pairs with Uracil in RNA.
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rUracil
Nucleotide that pairs with Adenine in RNA.
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rCytosine
Nucleotide that pairs with Guanine in RNA.
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rGuanine
Nucleotide that pairs with Cytosine in RNA.
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RNA Polymerase
Enzyme that matches rNTP's with the DNA strand during transcription.
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Termination
Occurs at the end site of mRNA synthesis.
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Promoter
Region at the start site for mRNA synthesis.
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Open Complex
Transcription bubble where DNA strands are separated for transcription.
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Poly A Tail
Post-transcription modification added to the end of a finished mRNA strand.
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Spliceosome
Complex that removes introns from mRNA.
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snRNP's
Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins that create the spliceosome for mRNA modification.
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Codon
Set of three mRNA bases that correspond to an amino acid.
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Anticodon
Set of three tRNA bases that match to the codon.
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mRNA
Messenger RNA, a copy of the DNA code transported to the ribosome.
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tRNA
Transfer RNA, which has the anticodon and brings the correct amino acid.
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Amino Acid
Building blocks or monomers of proteins.
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Large Subunit Ribosome
The larger part of the ribosome that synthesizes proteins.
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Small Subunit Ribosome
The part of the ribosome that binds to mRNA.
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APE Sites
Three sites in a ribosome where tRNA's interact and perform functions.
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Methionine (MET)
The amino acid that starts all proteins.
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5' to 3' direction
Direction in which mRNA is translated.
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Elongation
The process of protein growth as amino acids are added to the chain.
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Polypeptide
A chain of many amino acids linked together.