Quiz 5: Middle Childhood Development

In middle childhood, children grow an average of _____ inches in height and ______ pounds in weight each year.

Group of answer choices

2 to 3; 5

2 to 3; 10

4 to 5; 5

4 to 5; 10

2 to 3; 5

As muscles adapt to an enlarging skeleton, children often experience

Group of answer choices

a decrease in flexibility.

nighttime "growing pains."

a decreasing desire for physical exercise.

faster growth in the upper portions of the body.

nighttime "growing pains."

__________ is one of the few health conditions that increase with socioeconomic status.

Group of answer choices

Myopia

Hearing loss

Obesity

Asthma

Myopia

Which of the following is true about middle-ear infections in middle childhood?

Group of answer choices

Middle-ear infections increase sharply in middle childhood due to widening of the eustachian tube.

During middle childhood, the eustachian tube becomes longer, narrower, and more slanted, resulting in less frequent middle-ear infections.

About 20 percent of school-age children experience permanent hearing loss as a result of repeated infections.

Hearing loss from frequent ear infections is one of the few health conditions to increase with SES.

During middle childhood, the eustachian tube becomes longer, narrower, and more slanted, resulting in less frequent middle-ear infections.

Which of the following is regarded as one of the most effective interventions for treating childhood obesity?

Group of answer choices

a weight loss camp

a strict diet and exercise regimen

punishment for daily inactivity

a family-based approach focused on changing behaviors

a family-based approach focused on changing behaviors

The most frequent cause of school absence and childhood hospitalization is

Group of answer choices

asthma.

bacterial infection.

viral infection.

influenza.

asthma

The leading cause of unintentional injury to children in the United States is

Group of answer choices

bicycle accidents.

pedestrian accidents.

motor vehicle accidents.

sports-related traumas.

motor vehicle accidents.

Along with body growth, _____________ plays a vital role in improved motor performance in middle childhood.

Group of answer choices

abstract thinking

more efficient information processing

elaboration

metacognition

more efficient information processing

One valid criticism of adult-organized youth sports is that

Group of answer choices

participation in organized sports often results in psychological damage to children.

they overemphasize competition and substitute children's natural experimentation with rules and strategies.

participation in youth sports is the leading cause of childhood injury.

they often interfere with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement.

they overemphasize competition and substitute children's natural experimentation with rules and strategies.

Which of the following is true about children's rough-and-tumble play?

Group of answer choices

It helps children establish a dominance hierarchy.

It predicts aggressive behavior during adolescence.

It is equally common among boys and girls.

It is a uniquely human social behavior.

It helps children establish a dominance hierarchy.

Piaget regarded __________ as an important achievement of the concrete operational stage because it provides clear evidence of __________.

Group of answer choices

seriation; reversibility

classification; hypothetico-deductive reasoning

conservation; operations

transitive inference; class inclusion

conservation; operations

During a conservation-of-water experiment, Emme can focus on several aspects of the problem and relate them, rather than centering on just one aspect. Therefore, Emme is capable of

Group of answer choices

seriation.

class inclusion.

reversibility.

decentration.

decentration.

Margerite passed Piaget's class inclusions task. This indicates that Margerite can

Group of answer choices

think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction.

focus on relations between a general and two specific categories at the same time.

solve problems using abstract reasoning.

order items along a quantitative dimension.

focus on relations between a general and two specific categories at the same time.

To test for ________, Piaget asked children to arrange sticks of different lengths from shortest to longest.

Group of answer choices

classification

spatial reasoning

seriation

decentration

seriation

According to Piaget, one limitation of concrete operational thought is that children's mental operations work poorly with

Group of answer choices

everyday decision making.

logical constructs.

abstract ideas.

organized thoughts.

abstract ideas.

School-age children master concrete operational tasks

Group of answer choices

all at once.

gradually, in a continuum of acquisition.

much later than Piaget believed.

after they master abstract thinking.

gradually, in a continuum of acquisition.

Individuals skilled at ___________ can prevent their minds from straying to irrelevant thoughts.

Group of answer choices

organization

inhibition

metacognition

elaboration

inhibition

When Taylor was given a list of ingredients to memorize, she immediately repeated the list to herself over and over. Which memory strategy did Taylor use?

Group of answer choices

elaboration

organization

rehearsal

metacognition

rehearsal

Research on the origins of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) indicates that

Group of answer choices

ADHD is highly heritable.

symptoms of ADHD usually appear in infancy.

the disorder is usually inherited from the mother's side of the family.

a stressful home life usually causes ADHD.

ADHD is highly heritable.

According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of middle childhood is

Group of answer choices

autonomy versus shame and doubt.

basic trust versus mistrust.

ego versus despair.

industry versus inferiority.

industry versus inferiority.

Jacob, a sixth grader, entered the middle school academic bowl. According to Erikson, by entering the competition, Jacob shows

Group of answer choices

autonomy.

industriousness.

inferiority.

basic trust.

industriousness.

Beginning in middle childhood, children's self-descriptions start to emphasize

Group of answer choices

specific behaviors and observable traits.

industry over inferiority.

both negative and positive characteristics.

internal states and physical attributes.

both negative and positive characteristics.

Sociologist George Herbert Mead proposed that a ___________ emerges when children adopt a view of the self that resembles others' attitudes toward the child.

Group of answer choices

sense of doubt

well-organized psychological self

superiority complex

strong sense of guilt

well-organized psychological self

As school-age children move into adolescence, self-concept is increasingly vested in

Group of answer choices

feedback from close friends.

parental attitudes.

information from siblings.

feedback from teachers.

feedback from close friends.

Sam is an American sixth grader. Compared to his Asian agemates, when asked to describe himself, Sam is more likely to say which of the following?

Group of answer choices

"I'm in sixth grade."

"I'm an older brother."

"I like hockey."

"My friends think I'm cool."

"I like hockey."

Children who are high in academic self-esteem and motivation make _________ attributions, crediting their successes to __________.

Group of answer choices

realistically oriented; luck

mastery-oriented; ability

externally focused; effort

achievement-related; luck

mastery-oriented; ability

Teachers who are ________ and emphasize __________ tend to have mastery-oriented students.

Group of answer choices

strict; getting good grades

indulgent; having fun

helpful; learning over getting good grades

caring; getting good grades

helpful; learning over getting good grades

In contrast to Americans, Asians focus more on ________ because ______________.

Group of answer choices

success; it fosters self-worth

failure; it indicates where corrective action is needed

success; their culture places a lower value on self-improvement

failure; their culture places a lower value on effort

failure; it indicates where corrective action is needed

During middle childhood, children's emotional understanding develops as they become aware that

Group of answer choices

others' facial expressions indicate their feelings.

people can feel more than one emotion at a time.

pride and guilt primarily occur when adults are present.

basic emotions are related to personal responsibility.

people can feel more than one emotion at a time.

Appreciating mixed emotions helps children realize that

Group of answer choices

people's expressions may not reflect their true feelings.

negative emotions are more frequent than positive emotions.

positive and negative motions cannot be experienced simultaneously.

tone of voice is a more accurate predictor of emotion than facial expressions.

people's expressions may not reflect their true feelings.

Children who believe in _____________ spend more time volunteering to help the needy.

Group of answer choices

rewards for good behavior

fixed personality traits

the changeability of human attributes

social superiority

the changeability of human attributes

In middle childhood, __________ contributes to the development of trust and sensitivity.

Group of answer choices

friendship

informal peer group membership

peer conformity

formal group membership

friendship

When classmates are asked to rate each other's likeability, __________ children get many positive votes, whereas __________ children are seldom mentioned.

Group of answer choices

popular; neglected

neglected; rejected

popular; rejected

controversial; neglected

popular; neglected.

__________ children are at the highest risk for poor school performance, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, and delinquency.

Group of answer choices

Neglected

Controversial

Rejected

Popular

Rejected

Octavio feels satisfied with his gender assignment, which consequently makes him happy. Which of the following self-evaluations reflects Octavio's gender identity?

Group of answer choices

gender contentedness

gender typicality

felt pressure to conform to gender roles

gender-atypical

gender contentedness

Research demonstrates that only children __________ compared to children with siblings.

Group of answer choices

exhibit higher rates of antisocial behavior

have lower self-esteem

display poorer social skills

are higher in self-esteem and achievement motivation

are higher in self-esteem and achievement motivation

Noncustodial fathers who see their children only occasionally tend to take on a(n) __________ style of parenting.

Group of answer choices

authoritarian

authoritative

uninvolved

permissive

permissive

Which of the following statements is true about parent–child relationships in middle childhood?

Group of answer choices

When both parents are present, fathers engage in as much caregiving as mothers.

Fathers spend more time than mothers with school-age children.

While mothers are highly involved, fathers are more knowledgeable about children's everyday activities.

Fathers are more concerned than mothers with ensuring that children meet responsibilities in homework, after-school lessons, and chores.

When both parents are present, fathers engage in as much caregiving as mothers.

Dwayne feels that his parents and peers disapprove of his knitting hobby. His parents have tried to encourage him to consider other hobbies, such as woodworking or coin collecting. Dwayne is distressed and stops knitting. Which of the following accurately describes Dwayne's gender identity self-evaluation?

Group of answer choices

gender contentedness

gender typicality

felt pressure to conform to gender roles

gender-atypical

felt pressure to conform to gender roles

Mr. and Mrs. Pribesh have begun to change how they supervise their son. While they exercise general oversight, they now allow him to take charge of moment-by-moment decision making. The Pribeshes are engaging in

Group of answer choices

social conventions.

transitive inference.

distributive justice.

coregulation.

coregulation