Cell Structure and Function Study Guide

Biology

Cell Theory Principles

1-All living things are composed of cells. 2-Cells are the basic unit of life. 3-All cells come from pre-existing cells. 4-Cells contain genetic material (DNA)

Prokaryotic Cells

No nucleus and simple structure (think - bacteria)

Eukaryotic Cells

Contain nucleus, complex organelles, found in plants, animals and fungi

Passive Transport

No energy required, moves from high to low concentration (examples are diffusion and osmosis)

Active Transport

Requires cellular energy, moves against concentration gradient and uses protein channels

What are the three main principles of cell theory?

All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.

Describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells are single-celled organisms without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells are complex cells with a nucleus and organelles.

How do passive and active transport differ?

Passive transport requires no energy and moves with the concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy and moves against it.

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Why are cell membranes important for cellular function?

Cell membranes are crucial for cellular function as they regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintain homeostasis, and facilitate communication between cells.

The __________ is composed of lipid molecules and provides a flexible cell boundary. 

plasma membrane

____________ are organelles responsible for breaking down cellular waste and debris.

Lysosomes

Cells that contain a true nucleus are called ____________ cells.

eukaryotic

The process of moving particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration without energy is called ______________.

passive transport

_____________ transport requires cellular energy to move particles against their concentration gradient.

Active