Unit 12 Abnormal Psych Wendell

DSM 5 TR

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of mental health

1st edition (DSM-1) recognized 106 abnormalities / conditions

5th edition published 2013

Text revision published in 2023

ICD 10 CM

International Classification of Disease

Used in conjunction with the DSM

Published by the World Health Organization

Clinical Criteria for DSM

1. Symptoms of the condition intensify & become increasingly more sever if left untreated

2. Condition affects ones’ ability to maintain interpersonal / social relationships

3. Condition interferes with one’s “quality of life”

4. Condition poses immediate or potential threat to the physical safety of oneself and/or others

Biological Perspective

Brain Anatomy - Injury, disease

Genetics- predispositions, mutations

Neurological Defects - bioelectrical irregularities

Bio Chemical Imbalances

1. Amount of production (Surpluses & deficiencies)

2. Accelerated rate of consumption

3. Misdirected Distribution

Behavioral Perspective

Reactions to social factors & circumstances

Behaviors learned from one’s environment

Cognitive Perspective

Persistent illogical / irrational thought patterns

Humanistic Perspective

Restriction of fulfillment of psychological needs, personal growth

Psychoanalysis / Psychodynamic

Result of unresolved subconscious conflicts

Unconscious responses to stress and trauma

Pathological

Mental impairments & disorders linked to biological abnormalities stemming from disease, injury, biochemistry and/or genetics

Organic = bio medical causes, factors, and symptoms

Idiopathic

Any condition of physical or mental health that cannot be explained biologically, medically = disorders of unknown causes

Psychosomatic

Medical / physical symptoms caused or exacerbated by psychological factors

Comorbidity

The simultaneous existence of 2 or more health conditions

Ambivalence

The coexistence of 2 opposing, contradicting impulses / emotions towards the same thing, at the same time, causing emotional distress (cognitive dissonance)

Congenital

conditions, traits, abnormalities that are present at birth

Predisposition

Biological, genetic vulnerability for developing an abnormality

Maladaptive Behavior

Abnormalities with inappropriate time adjustment and responses to stress and social situations

Dysfunctional Behavior

Unhealthy behaviors & cognitive patterns that are considered wrong, inappropriate, and/or socially unacceptable

Anergia

Having a lack of physical energy for daily tasks / activities

Avolition

Having a lack of psychological motivation for daily tasks / activities

Anhedonia

Having a general loss of interest in / withdrawal from activities that were once enjoyable

Mania (Manic Episodes)

Periods of extreme elevated emotion, increased energy, euphoria, racing thoughts, talkative, impulsivity, hyperactivity

Delusions

Dysfunctional, exaggerated emotions and extreme false beliefs

Hallucinations

Severe alterations / sensory misperceptions of reality

Hearing voices, seeing images that do not exist

Catatonia

Behaviors marked with erratic muscular movements and body contortions

Cataplexy

A sudden loss of muscle tone & voluntary motor control functions while awake / conscious causing paralysis & immobilization

Stupor

A state of altered consciousness in which an individual does not react to their surroundings or show cognitive awareness

Insanity

legal term not medical / psychological term

Criminal defense plea that requires evaluation of mental competency to stand trial

Acknowledgment of a crime committed but is not subject to prosecution due to sever psychological abnormalities

Neuro-cognitive Disorders

Group of DSM related conditions marked with significant declines in at least one of the domains of cognition

1. Executive functioning

2. Complex focus & attention

3. Language & social communication skills

4. Memory processing

5. Learning and problem solving

6. Perceptual motor skills

Delirium

Sensory condition causing severe disruptions of consciousness

Disorganized and incoherent thinking, confusion, inattentiveness

Acute Onset: Rapid Onset (min, hrs), More intense symptoms, not long lasting

Dementia

Neurodegenerative condition characterized with a progressive intellectual decline with impaired memory and cognitive focus

Erratic mood swings and changes personality

Alzheimer's Disease (ALZ)

Neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal buildup of proteins (Lewy bodies) causing progressive damage to neuron cells

Gradual cognitive decline in memory retrieval & problem solving

Incoherent speech patterns (often slurred or jumbled speech)

Changes in mood & personality: irritable, aggressive, agitated

Delusions, Hallucinations

Promotes loss of muscle control & general deterioration of health

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Group of DSM related conditions in which the growth and development of the brain is negatively affected

Disorders include developmental abnormalities with language, emotional regulation, memory & learning, behavioral impulsivity

Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Chronic condition of persistent lack of focus & concentration that is inconsistent with the child’s appropriate development age level

Easily distracted by external stimuli and internal thoughts

Prone to cycles of hyperactivity & impulsivity (impulse control)

Poor executive functioning (organization, emotional regulation)

In-complete tasks / schoolwork (“starters, not finishers”)

Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

Tic= Compulsive, repetitive vocalizations or body movements

Chronic display of one or more motor tics

• Blinking, shrugging shoulders, twitching

Chronic display of one or more vocal tics

• Humming, coughing / clearing throat, yelling words / phrases

Tourette’s Disorder

Chronic Display of both motor and vocal tics for at least 1 year

Affects 1% of US population

Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Broad spectrum of related cognitive disorders characterized with dysfunctional abnormalities of social interaction, communication, and sensorimotor processing

Primary Symptoms -

Not developing adequate speech and language skills

Social Interaction abnormalities

Sensorimotor processing abnormalities - Link between nerves and muscles

Hypersensitivity to loud noises etc