Fluid Mechanics - Hydrodynamics

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to Hydrodynamics and Fluid Mechanics.

Hydrodynamics

The study of fluids in motion.

Ideal Fluid

A fluid that is non-viscous, incompressible, and has steady, non-turbulent motion.

Viscous

Describes a fluid that has internal friction or resistance to flow.

Incompressible Fluid

A fluid with constant density regardless of pressure.

Streamline Flow

A type of fluid flow where particles move along smooth, well-defined paths.

Laminar Flow

Flow where fluid particles move in parallel layers with minimal disruption.

Turbulent Flow

Flow characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and velocity.

Eddy Currents

Irregular fluid motion that occurs in turbulent flow.

Reynolds Number

A dimensionless number used to predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations.

Force (F)

The push or pull on an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object.

Viscosity (η)

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

Flow Rate (Q)

The volume of fluid that passes through a surface per unit time.

Mass Flow Rate

The mass of fluid passing through a given surface per unit time, usually measured in kg/s.

Bernoulli's Principle

As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases, and vice versa.

Torricelli's Law

The speed of efflux of a fluid through an orifice is equal to the speed a body would acquire falling from height h.

Poiseuille's Law

Describes the flow of a fluid through a cylindrical pipe in relation to pressure difference, viscosity, and radius.

Terminal Velocity

The constant speed achieved by an object falling through a viscous fluid when the force of resistance equals the force of gravity.

Hydraulic Diameter

A measure of a pipe's diameter used in calculating flow rates and pressure drops.

Conservation of Mass

The principle stating that mass cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.

Hydraulic Lift

A mechanical device that uses liquids to lift heavy objects based on hydraulic principles.

Compressible Fluid

A fluid whose density changes significantly with pressure or temperature variations.

Non-viscous Fluid

A fluid that experiences no internal friction and flows freely.

Kinematic Viscosity

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow that accounts for density.

Fluid Dynamics

The study of fluids in motion and their interactions with solid boundaries.

Velocity (v)

The speed of fluid flow in a given direction.

Inertial Forces

Forces that describe the motion of a fluid and depend on the mass and acceleration of fluid particles.

Viscous Forces

Forces that arise from the internal friction within fluids.

Pressure (P)

The force exerted by fluid per unit area.

Gravitational Potential Energy

The potential energy a fluid possesses due to its height relative to a reference point.

Drag Force

The resistance force experienced by an object moving through a fluid.

Buoyant Force

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it.

Hydrodynamic Diameter

The equivalent diameter that characterizes flow in a non-circular pipe.

Fluid Mechanics

The branch of physics that studies the behavior of fluids at rest and in motion.

Velocity Gradient

The rate of change of velocity with respect to distance in a fluid flow.

Pressure Drop

The decrease in pressure of a fluid as it flows through a pipe or fitting.

Choked Flow

A condition in which the mass flow rate of a gas reaches a maximum in a nozzle due to viscosity.

Critical Velocity

The speed above which the flow begins to transition from laminar to turbulent.

Continuity Equation

A mathematical statement that represents the conservation of mass in fluid flow.

Flow Visualization

The technique used to visually see the flow patterns of fluids.

Dynamic Pressure

The pressure associated with the fluid's kinetic energy.

Hydraulic Gradient

The slope of the energy line in a fluid system indicating potential energy change.

Flow Separation

The disruption of a smooth flow of fluid over a surface, often leading to drag or turbulence.

The study of fluids in motion is known as _.

Hydrodynamics

A(n) _ is a fluid that is non-viscous, incompressible, and has steady, non-turbulent motion.

Ideal Fluid

A fluid that has internal friction or resistance to flow is described as _.

Viscous

A(n) _ fluid has a constant density regardless of the pressure applied to it.

Incompressible Fluid

A type of fluid flow where particles move along smooth, well-defined paths is called _ flow.

Streamline

_ flow occurs when fluid particles move in parallel layers with minimal disruption.

Laminar

Flow characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and velocity is known as _ flow.

Turbulent

Irregular fluid motions that occur within turbulent flow are called _.

Eddy Currents

The _ is a dimensionless number used to predict flow patterns in different fluid situations.

Reynolds Number

The push or pull on an object resulting from its interaction with another is _ (F).

Force

A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow is known as its _ (\eta).

Viscosity

The volume of fluid that passes through a surface per unit time is the _ (Q).

Flow Rate

The mass of fluid passing through a given surface per unit time, often measured in kg/s, is the _.

Mass Flow Rate

According to _ Principle, as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure within it decreases.

Bernoulli's

_ Law states the speed of efflux through an orifice equals the speed a body acquires falling from height h.

Torricelli's

_ Law describes fluid flow through a pipe in relation to pressure difference, viscosity, and radius.

Poiseuille's

The constant speed achieved by an object falling through a viscous fluid when drag equals gravity is _.

Terminal Velocity

The _ is a measure of a pipe's diameter used for calculating flow rates and pressure drops.

Hydraulic Diameter

The principle stating that mass cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system is the _.

Conservation of Mass

A _ is a mechanical device that uses liquids to lift heavy objects based on hydraulic principles.

Hydraulic Lift

A _ fluid is one whose density changes significantly with pressure or temperature variations.

Compressible

A _ fluid experiences no internal friction and is able to flow freely.

Non-viscous

_ viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow that specifically accounts for its density.

Kinematic

The study of fluids in motion and their interactions with solid boundaries is called _.

Fluid Dynamics

The speed of fluid flow in a given direction is its _ (v).

Velocity

_ forces depend on the mass and acceleration of fluid particles and describe the fluid's motion.

Inertial

Forces that arise from the internal friction within fluids are called _ forces.

Viscous

The force exerted by a fluid per unit area is called _ (P).

Pressure

The potential energy a fluid possesses due to its height relative to a reference point is _.

Gravitational Potential Energy

The resistance force experienced by an object moving through a fluid is known as the _.

Drag Force

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it is the _.

Buoyant Force

The equivalent diameter used to characterize flow in non-circular pipes is the _.

Hydrodynamic Diameter

The branch of physics that studies fluid behavior both at rest and in motion is _.

Fluid Mechanics

The rate of change of velocity with respect to distance in a fluid flow is the _.

Velocity Gradient

A decrease in the pressure of a fluid as it flows through a pipe or fitting is a(n) _.

Pressure Drop

_ flow is a condition where the mass flow rate of a gas reaches a maximum in a nozzle.

Choked

The speed above which a fluid flow begins to transition from laminar to turbulent is the _.

Critical Velocity

The _ Equation is a mathematical statement representing the conservation of mass in fluid flow.

Continuity

The technique used to visually represent the movement patterns of fluids is _.

Flow Visualization

The pressure associated with the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is called _ pressure.

Dynamic

The slope of the energy line in a fluid system indicating potential energy change is the _.

Hydraulic Gradient

_ occurs when a smooth flow of fluid over a surface is disrupted, leading to drag or turbulence.

Flow Separation