World Religions Unit 2- Judaism

Jerusalem’s significance

The city of David and it’s a holy city for many religions

names for the holy land Israel

Israel, Canaan, Promised Land, State of Israel (Palestine)

diaspora

the dispersion of any people from their original homeland (Jewish people living outside of Israel)

zionism

a movement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development and protection of Jewish national in now what is Israel

tanakh

Hebrew bible

has the same books as the protestant old testament

literal meaning of “Torah”

teaching, instruction, law

Yad

pointer used to read from the torah because it is too sacred to touch

Shema/Sh’ma

the creed of Judaism that comes form the torah specifically Deuteronomy 6: 4-9

means to hear

what is the Shema/Sh’ma first line

Hear O Israel! The lord is our God, the Lord is one.

talmud

a record of rabbinic teaching that spans a period of about 600 years

explains in great detail how the commandments of the torah are to be carried out

mitzvot

provides the expectations for shabbat and many of the holidays in the Jewish calendar

Mezuzah

a piece of parchment inscribed with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah, which Jewish followers of Rabbinical Judaism Affix to the doorposts of their homes

has two passages from Deuteronomy 6: 4-9 and Deuteronomy 11:13-21

mikvah

a bath used for the purpose of ritual immersion in Judaism to achieve ritual purity. most forms of ritual impurity can be purified through immersion in any natural collection of water. Some impurities require living water

names for the holy land Jerusalem

holiest city, city of David, temple, holy city for Judaism, Christianity, Islam

three parts of the Tanakh

torah (5 books)

Nevi’im (prophets)

Ketvvim (writing)

kippah/ yarmulke

head covering

this is not from the Mitzvot instead its form the Talmud

tallit

prayer shawl and tassels

from the Mitzvot

Tefflin

2 black leather boxes with straps; one for arm, one for forehead at hairline

from the Mitzvot

Kashrut

fit proper clean

brit Milah/ circumcision

usually takes place 8 days after birth

god commanded Abraham to do this as a sign of their covenant

bar (boys) / bat (girls) Mitzvah

son of commandment or daughter of commandment

states that a 13 year old boy or girl becomes this

age of majority where they becomes responsible for their own actions along with Jewish ritual law tradition and ethics and have the right to take part in all areas of Jewish community life

prepare for this since birth

synagogue

place where jews come to pray

men and women are separation to prevent distractions

all face Jerusalem

all have a flame to represent the eternal flame

western wall and the temple (why are they holy)

site of the holy temple

eternal symbol

gateway to heaven

gate of tears

site of Jewish Heroism

rabbi

means by teacher or my master in Hebrew

a person qualified by academic studies by the Hebrew bible and the Talmud to act as a spiritual leader and religious teacher of a Jewish community or congregation

presence is not always required

they conduct religious services assist at bar mitzvahs and are present @ funeral and sometimes circumcisisi’s. preaches on occasion

orthodox Judaism

most traditional form of Judaism

literal interpretation of the torah

accepts Jewish law and teachings as binding

strict dietary and kosher laws, separation of men and women, traditional clothing, traditions, accepts laws as binding

Reconstructionist Judaism

torah not given by God

Jewish culture and history

reflects the needs of the community rather than prescribed observances

Jewish law created by people

Kosher

foods and practices that meet Kashrut standards

Kosher rules

cant eat pork ship or shellfish

kosher slaughter

cannot combine milk and meat

what are the three parts of the synagogue

1. arch where the torah is kept

2. there are men and women sections

3. there is a place where the torah is read in the middle of the place

shabbat rituals and traditions and their meanings: lighting the Shabbat candles:

light 2 candles to represent 2 passages in the torah in which the Israelites were given the command to keep shabbat. wave their hands Infront of themselves 3 times the cover their eyes while they recite a blessing. intended to help the energy of shabbat enter ones body and welcome the light of shabbat

ways that Jews show reverence for the torah/ demonstrate its importance

too sacred to be touched by hand so they use a yad

they keep it in an cabinet called the ark

there cannot be any mistakes in the torah when be written by hand.

When the torah is read it has to be read perfectly

why Jesus does not fit the Jewish view of the messiah

(messianic age) According to Jewish belief, the Messiah will usher in an era of universal peace, end suffering, and bring prosperity to the Jewish people and the world. This period will include the rebuilding of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. Since Jesus' life and death did not result in the fulfillment of these expectations, Jews do not see him as having fulfilled the role of the Messiah.

world peace, the temple should be rebuilt and everyone should be redeemed

Jesus is man and god but they believe that the messiah must be fully human

shabbat rituals and traditions and their meanings: blessing the children

comes from the story of Jacob when he blessed his grandsons before death. The parents place both hands on the child's bowed head and recite a blessing

shabbat rituals and traditions and their meanings: blessing over the wine

called the kiddush. has 3 parts:

1. an excerpt from the book of genesis that describes how God rested on the 7th day blessed it and hallowed it

2. blessing over the wine

3. blessing over shabbat

shabbat rituals and traditions and their meanings: blessing over the challah

special twisted loaf of bread eaten by Jews on Shabbat

2 challah’s representing the 2x portion of manna that fell in the desert

challah is covered and the knife used to cut it is covered as a reminder of the importance of both dignity and peace

before eating the challah it is traditional to salt it to connect it to sacrifices made in the temple

antisemitism throughout history

holocaust

In 1881 Jews were blamed for the assassination of Czar Alexander 2nd. Over the next decades there were acts of violence directed towards them.

One lie that was told about Jews is that they were unwilling to accept the word of God. This lie was portrayed by the early church after they destroyed their place of worship. They said that Jews were agents of the devil, and killed Jesus Christ and murders of god. This was projected by Christians after they become the dominate religion. It wasn’t taken back until Vatican 2.

how have the lies about Jews effected them

Jews have been affected by antisemitism by tearing down their places of worship and being shamed for being Jewish. Many acts of violence were committed to the Jews. They were pushed out of society and considered as their own race.

constantly put down and pushed out of society

how do jews view jesus

Believe that Christians misinterpreted the bible in thinking that Jesus is the Messiah

Believe that Jesus was killed because he was a threat to peace because he was gaining followers who saw him as the messiah

see him as divine or an angel

Judaism influence on Catholic mass

there is a tabernacle that they put the bread of the presence and the ark of the covenant when they had it (BREAD)

the lamb sacrifices in the church a lot of blood which was washed out by water. when Jesus was pierced in the side he bled out blood and water

Passover the unleavened bread and the blessing of wine

similarities and differences on Christian and Judaism Shabbat

(similar) The Christian sabbath is on Sunday because we believe that we should covenant ourselves and rest on the 7th day.

The sabbath is on a Sunday not a Saturday because in the new testament Jesus rose from the dead on Sunday after laying in the tomb for three days. The Sabbath/ Sunday is the Lords day. Sunday is the new day of covenant.

both a day of rest

Judaism influence on holidays

Passover = holy Thursday

Shavuot = Pentecost

Judaism influence on scripture