World History Chapter 3 - The Greek Civilization
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67 Terms
where did the Minoans live
on Crete
Knossos
the capital city of the Minoans
where did the Mycenaeans live
the mainland of Greece
what did the Minoans focus on
beauty
what did the Mycenaeans focus on
military strength
the Dorians
conquered the Mycenaeans
Homer
the Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
Zeus
“the king of gods and man”
Athena
patroness of Athens, goddess of wisdom
anthropomorphic
having human form or attributes
who uncovered 9 cities of Troy
Heinrich Schliemann
“polis”
city-state
monarchy
rule by one
oligarchy
rule of a few
anarchy
no government
tyranny
rule by a tyrant
democracy
rule by the people
Helots
slaves
where was Sparta
on the Peloponnesus
the Peloponnesian League
formed by Sparta and their allies to stop the advance of democracy from Athens
archon
chief magistrate
Solon
the archon of Athens who brought the city-state a step towards democracy
Darius I
the king of Persia who ruled during the Persian Wars
how did the Greeks beat the Persians during the first battle between the two nations
they charged right at them and took them on directly
Xerxes
the son of Darius I who renewed the struggle between Greece and Persia
how was the Hellespont Bridge made
Xerxes lined up 674 ships and covered them with planks and dirt to form two bridges for his army and supply wagons
what happened at the Battle of Salamis Bay
Themistocles, the ruler of Athens, sent a trusted slave to trick the Persians into sending their fleet into Salamis Bay, where the morning tides caused issues for the Persian fleet, allowing the Greeks to sink their vessels
the Delian League
the alliance lead by the Athenians to protect Greece from any other Persian attacks
Pericles
the influential leader of Athens from 460 to 429 BC who helped Athens attain unparalleled cultural heights
the Peloponnesian War
the war between Sparta (with their allies) and Athens (and their allies)
who won the Peloponnesian War
Sparta
Philip II
the king of Macedonia who extended his kingdom into Greece, hoping for their support to invade Persia
Alexander the Great
the son of Philip II who inherited the throne at 20 years of age, known for conquering most of the known world at the time
Darius III
the king of Persia during Alexander’s invasion of Persia who fled during a battle, leaving his family to be taken prisoner
What happened to Alexander’s empire after his death
it was divided between his four chief generals
what three dynasties rose from the families of the generals that ruled portions of the former empire
the Ptolemies, the Seleucids, and the Antigonids
where did the Ptolemies rule
Egypt
where did the Seleucids rule
Syria and Persia
where did the Antigonids rule
Macedonia and Greece
Hellenic
Greek
Hellenistic
like the Greek
the humanities
the formal study of human thought and culture
philosophers
“lovers of wisdom”
Thales of Miletus
the Father of Philosophy who sought to explain the origin of the universe in natural terms and concluded that water was the original substance of all things
Socrates
devoted his life to seeking truth and teaching men how to conduct their lives
what was Socrates’ motto
“Know thyself”
which of the philosophers was condemned to death by cup of hemlock
Socrates
Plato
the most famous pupil of Socrates who established the Academy in Athens and discussed what he considered the nature of true reality
Aristotle
a non-Athenian philosopher who is known for his works on logic
syllogism
a three-step thinking process
who created the syllogism
Aristotle
Epicurus
believed that great happiness and pleasure could be achieved through the avoidance of pain and fear
Zeno
taught that the affairs of men and the universe were ordered by fixed laws
Who founded Epicureanism
Epicurus
who founded Stoicism
Zeno
Pythagoras
a Greek philosopher and mathematician who concluded that the universe could be explained in mathematical terms
Hippocrates
the Father of Medicine who taught that every illness has a natural cause and recommended more natural treatments
Euclid
the Father of Geometry who founded a school of mathematics in Alexandria
Archimedes
known for discovering the principle of the lever
Eratosthenes
the Greek astronomer and geographer who determined the circumference of the earth
Herodotus
the Father of History who wrote an account of the Persian Wars to remember it
Thucydides
a contemporary of Herodotus who wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War, which was more accurate and objective than Herodotus’ work
which side did Thucydides fight for
Athens
Sophocles
a writer of Greek tragedy
Aristophanes
a writer of Greek comedy
the Parthenon
a temple dedicated to Athena built in Athens that symbolizes the cultural achievements of the Greek as well as their spiritual blindness
what are the three styles of Greek architecture
Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian