Practical Research 2 – Key Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering fundamental concepts and guidelines from Practical Research 2, Quarter 1 Unit 2.

Research Title

The concise phrase that conveys the essential topic, variables, population, and context of a study.

Concise Title

A research title limited to roughly 10–15 words that delivers only essential information.

Clear and Specific Title

A title that avoids vague language and immediately tells readers what the research investigates.

Key Variables

The main independent and dependent variables or central concepts highlighted in a quantitative study.

Nature of the Study

An implicit or explicit hint in the title about the research design (e.g., experimental, correlational).

Target Population

The specific group of people to whom the study’s results are intended to apply.

Geographic Context

Reference to the location where the research is conducted, often included in the title for clarity.

Strong Keywords

Field-relevant words embedded in a title to improve indexing and searchability.

Jargon

Specialized terms or abbreviations that should generally be avoided in titles unless universally known.

Redundancy

Unnecessary words such as “A Study of…” that add no value to a research title.

Audience Consideration

Tailoring title language and complexity to the readers you want to reach while keeping academic rigor.

Theoretical Framework

The set of established theories and principles that grounds a study and explains expected relationships.

Conceptual Framework

A visual or written model outlining key study variables and their presumed relationships.

Statement of the Problem (SOP)

A clear, concise description of the issue your research will address and the knowledge gap it fills.

Hypothesis

A specific, testable, and falsifiable prediction about relationships between variables in quantitative research.

Testable Hypothesis

A hypothesis for which data can be collected to support or refute it.

Falsifiable Hypothesis

A hypothesis that can be disproven, satisfying a key criterion of scientific inquiry.

Specific Hypothesis

A prediction that clearly identifies variables and the population being studied.

Predictive Hypothesis

A hypothesis stating an expected outcome or direction of relationship between variables.

Significance of the Study

Section explaining the importance, beneficiaries, and potential impact of the research findings.

Scope (of the Study)

The defined boundaries, focus, and extent of the research to ensure feasibility and clarity.

Limitation (of the Study)

Acknowledged weaknesses or constraints that may affect results or generalizability.

Definition of Terms

A section clarifying the meanings of crucial words and concepts as used in the study.

Conceptual Definition

The abstract or theoretical meaning of a term, often cited from authoritative sources.

Operational Definition

A precise explanation of how a variable will be measured, observed, or manipulated in the study.

Content Standard

Learning objectives detailing what students must understand in a given topic area.

Performance Standard

Expectations describing what learners should be able to do, such as formulating a research problem.

Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)

Priority skills and knowledge students must attain, e.g., designing research used in daily life.

Independent Variable

The variable deliberately manipulated or categorized to observe its effect on another variable.

Dependent Variable

The outcome variable measured to see the effect of changes in the independent variable.