Water A1.1 IB Bio

Hydrogen bonds

Weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom

Polar covalent bonds

Covalent bonds where electrons are shared unequally between atoms

Cohesion

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Adhesion

Attraction between molecules of different substances

Solvent

A substance capable of dissolving other substances

Metabolism

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism

Xylem

Plant tissue that transports water and nutrients from roots to leaves

Surface tension

The property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force

Capillary action

The ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces against gravity

Hydrophobic

Substances that repel water

Hydrophilic

Substances that have an affinity for water

Buoyancy

The ability of an object to float in a fluid

Viscosity

A liquid's resistance to flow

Thermal conductivity

The ability of a material to conduct heat

Specific heat capacity

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount

Apoplast pathway

The movement of water and dissolved nutrients through plant cell walls

Hydrophobic Substances

Substances not charged, not readily mixing with water, crucial for specific functions in living organisms.

Thermal Conductivity

Material's ability to conduct heat, influencing heat loss in aquatic animals compared to air.

Specific Heat Capacity

Energy needed to raise temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 K; water has a high value (4.186 J/g°C).

Black-Throated Loon

Migratory aquatic bird with adaptations for buoyancy, movement, and temperature regulation in water and air.

Ringed Seal

Arctic seal with blubber for buoyancy, streamlined shape for movement, and insulation for temperature regulation.

Extraplanetary

Originating or existing outside Earth or its atmosphere.

Extraterrestrial

Originating, located, or occurring outside Earth or its atmosphere.

Exoplanet

Planet orbiting a star outside the solar system.

Goldilocks Zone

Habitable zone around a star where conditions are suitable for liquid water to exist on a planet.

Asteroid

Small rocky body orbiting the sun.

Comet

Celestial object of ice, rock, dust, and gas, with a tail when near the sun.