Psychology 2e Chapter 8: 8.1

Memory

The set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time

Encoding

The input of information into the memory system

Automatic Processing

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, frequency, and the meaning of words

Effortful Processing

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Semantic Encoding

The encoding of words and their meanings

Visual Encoding

The encoding of images

Acoustic Encoding

The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words

Self-Reference Effect

The tendency to process efficiently and remember well information related to oneself

Storage

The creation of a permanent record of information

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

A model for describing memory in which there are three distinguishable kinds of memory (sensory, short term, long term) through which info passes in a sequential way as it is processed.

Sensory Memory

The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Short-Term Memory (STM)

The temporary and limited capacity storage of information

Rehearsal

The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

The continuous storage of information, in which infinite amounts of information can be stored, theoretically speaking

Explicit Memories

Memories that can be consciously remembered, recalled, and reported

Episodic Memory

Information about events that have been personally experienced

Semantic Memory

Memory of words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

Implicit Memory

Long-term memories that are not apart of the consciousness

Procedural Memory

A type of long-term memory of how to perform different actions and skills. Essentially, it is the memory of how to do certain things.

Retrieval

The act of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness

Recall

A procedure where information is accessed without external cues

Recognition

The process of identifying information that has been previously learned

Relearning

Reacquiring knowledge that we'd previously learned but largely forgotten over time