Mental Health Exam 1

Mental health definition

successful adaptation to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms

what is culturally defined

mental health and illness

wellness is

being in good physical and mental health

8 dimensions of wellness

emotional, financial, social, spiritual, occupational, physical, intellectual, environmental

5 key areas of social determinants of health

healthcare access/quality, education access/quality, social and community context, economic stability, neighborhood and built environment

definition of stress

state manifested by a specific syndrome which consists of all the nonspecifically induced changes within a biological system

also known as fight or flight

main response patterns to stress

anxiety and grief

peplaus four levels of anxiety ***

mild, moderate, severe, panic

mild is

performance anxiety

moderate is ***

perceptual field begins to diminish and more focused on specific thing

severe is ***

perceptual field diminishes greatly, completely focused

panic is ***

no perceptual field

interventions for panic

distract them, tend to needs, short/brief commands

mild level coping ***

eating, drinking, sleeping, physical exercise

when are these coping mechanisms considered bad

too much of any of it

ego defense mechanisms ***

denial, intellectualization, projection

compensation definition

compensation example

A physically disabled boy is unable to participate in football, so he compensates by becoming a great scholar

denial definiton

Refusing to acknowledge the existence of a real situation or the feelings associated with it

denial example

A woman drinks, alcohol every day cannot stop and does not acknowledge that she has a problem

displacement definition

The transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or that is neutral

displacement example

A client is angry at his doctor and does not express it, but becomes verbally abusive with the nurse

identification definition

An attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires

identification example

A teenager who required rehab rehabilitation after an accident decides to become a physical therapist as a result of his experiences

intellectualization definition

an attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual process of logic, reasoning, and analysis

intellectualization example

Susan’s husband is being transferred with his job to the city far away from her parents. She hides anxiety by explaining to her parents the advantages associated with the move.

introjection definition

integrating the beliefs and values of another individual into one’s own ego structure

introjection example

children integrate their parents value system into the process of conscience formation. A child says to a friend don’t cheat it’s wrong.

isolation defintion

Separating a thought or memory from the feeling tone or emotion associated with it

isolation example

A young woman describes being attacked without showing any emotion

projection definition

Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to oneself to another person

projection example

sue feels a strong attraction to her track coach and tells her friend he’s coming onto me

rationalization definition

attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors

rationalization example

John tells the rehab nurse I drink because it’s the only way I can deal with my bad marriage and my worse job

reaction formation definition

Preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating, opposite thoughts or types of behaviors

reaction formation example

Jane hates nursing she attended nursing school to please her parents during career day. She speaks to students about the excellence of nursing as a career.

regression definition

responding to stress by retreating to an earlier level of development in the comfort measures associated with that level of function

regression example

when two year-old Jay is hospitalized for tonsillitis he will drink from only a bottle although his mother states he’s been drinking from a cup for six months

repression definition

in voluntarily blocking unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness

repression example

A trauma victim is unable to remember anything about the traumatic event

sublimation definition

rechanneling of drives or impulses that are personally or socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive

sublimation example

A mother whose son was killed by a drunk driver, channels her anger and energy into being the president of the local chapter of mothers against drunk drivers

suppression definition

The voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings and experiences from one’s awareness

suppression example

Scarlett says I don’t want to think about that now I’ll think about that tomorrow

undoing definition

symbolically, negating, or canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable

undoing example

Joe is nervous about his new job and yells at his wife on his way home. He stops and buys her some flowers.

grief definition

subjective state of emotional physical and social responses to the loss of a valued entity

5 stages of grief ***

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

mental illness definition

interfering with their personal lives

how do we diagnose mental illness

use DSM-5

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

stigma

person labeled as “different”, linked to negative stereotypes

3 types of stigmas

public, self, label avoidance

self stigma

internal negative views, agrees with public negative view, develop low self esteem

label avoidance

avoid treatment or care in order to not be labeled

recovery from mental illness

improve health/wellness, self directed life, strive to reach full potential

A person with a mental health problem develops a partnership with clinician to

manage the illness, strengthen coping abilities, and build resistance for life‘s challenges

4 dimensions that support recovery

health, home, purpose, community

Study of cognitive, emotional and behavioral processes

psychobiology

frontal lobe

Personality and memory

parietal lobe ***

Touch and sensory

temporal lobe

Sensory mood and emotion

occipital lobe

Visual

basal ganglia

Motor functions

Limbic system is what ***

the emotional brain

hippocampus

Information, emotions with memories

Thalamus

Relays all sensory information except smell

hypothalamus ***

Sleep, temperature, physical and hormones

amygdala

smell

limbic midbrain nuclei ***

Pleasure/reward center, play role in addiction

extrapyramidal motor system ***

muscle tone, reflexes, automatic voluntary motor function

pineal body

secretes melatonin

locus coeruleus

regulation of time, attention, sleep-rest, arousal, learning, pain, mood

brain stem

life sustaining functions, mediate symptoms

cerebellum

Movements and posture

neurons of ANS ***

efferent (away) and afferent (toward)

sympathetic division

sympathetic to what’s going on

parasympathetic division

Relaxed

need to know everything on sympathetic/ parasympathetic sides

look over, select all that apply question

parasympathetic- chilled out

flow of saliva, slows heartbeat, constricts crunchy, stimulates peristalsis and secretion, release of bile, contracts bladder

sympathetic- stressed and going “less essential workers go home”

dilates pupil, inhibits bladder contraction, secretion of adrenaline/noradrenaline, dilates bronchi, inhibits flow of saliva, conversion of glycogen to glucose (energy), inhibits peristalsis and secretion, accelerates heart beat

neuroplasticity

adapt*

neurons composed of

cell body, axons, dendrites, different classes of neurons

types of neurotransmitters ***

Cholinergic, biogenic amine, amino acid, neuropeptides

cholinergic neurotransmitters

primary is acetylcholine*

dopamine (biogenic)

high levels of dopamine can be not good- excitatory, cognition, motor

norepinephrine (biogenic)

excitatory, speed up hr/bp, effect mood, fight or flight, sleep/awake

serotonin (biogenic)

excitatory, emotions, cognition, sensory, sleep, appetite

“happy”

histamine (amino acid)

effects mood

gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA (amino acid)

happy chemical, feel calm and collected

glutamate (amino acid)

excitatory

opioid neuropeptides

endorphines, enkephalins, dynorphines

endocrine function and pain suppression

nonopioid neuropeptides

substance P and somatostatin- pain and endocrine function

reuptake ***

process of neurotransmitters deactivation

receptors

one size does not fit all

lab tests for serotonin

suicide hotline number ***

988

suicide myths

only affects ppl with mental health condition, happens without warning, selfish-taking easy way out, one time-always, talking abt it- encourages

suicidality

All suicide related behaviors, and thoughts of completing or attempting suicide and suicidal ideation

suicidal ideation

Thinking about and planning one’s own death

parasuicide

apparent attempt, aim is not death