Section 12.3: Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Suicide, and Self-Injury - Terms

Major Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder marked by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in most activities.

Dysthymia

A chronic form of depression with long-lasting low mood and other depressive symptoms, but typically less severe than major depression.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of extreme emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression).

Mania

A state of elevated mood, increased activity, and often risky behavior, commonly seen in bipolar disorder.

Hypomania

A milder form of mania with elevated mood and increased energy, but not severe enough to cause significant impairment.

Self-Injury

Deliberate harm to one’s own body without suicidal intent, often as a way to cope with emotional distress.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

A form of depression that occurs at a specific time of year, usually in the winter months when sunlight exposure is reduced.

Phobia

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity that leads to avoidance and significant distress.