chm 1020 fsu dillon exam 4 (lectures 10, 11, 12)

four ways poison enters the body

ingestion, inhalation, topical (through skin), injection

fastest poison pathway

injection

slowest poison pathway

topical (skin)

where is inhaled poison absorbed

alveoli

where is ingested poison absorbed

GI tract or small intestine

non-polar chemical storage occurs in (what tissue)

adipose tissue

two kinds of poisons

toxins and heavy metals

three types of toxins

neurotoxin, cytotoxin, hemotoxin

examples of neurotoxins

lead, ethanol, tetanus, botox, tetrodotoxin

target of neurotoxins

nervous system

target of cytotoxins

cells

examples of cytotoxins

cobra/adder snake venom

target of hemotoxins

blood and organs

example of hemotoxins

rattlesnake venom

mercury poisoning

corrosive lung damage, GI track, central nervous system, kidney

lead poisoning

damage to central nervous system, peripheral nerves, blood, kidneys

cadmium poisoning

lung and renal damage

arsenic poisoning

damage to peripheral nervous system, GI track, liver, cardiovascular system

chemical compounds in sweat

inorganic ions, water, lipids, proteins

triglyceride

3 fatty acids and glycerol

iodine (group)

halogen

iodine fuming

method of raising fingerprints

amino acid core structure

amino group + carboxyl group + R group (side chain)

ninhydrin fingerprinting

determine presence of amino acids

fingerprint ridges

black lines in print

fingerprint valleys

white lines in print

3 fingerprint patterns

loops, arches, whorls

minutia examples

dot, bifurcation, island, ending ridge

visible prints

made with substances like grease, paint, and blood; visible to naked eye

impression prints

impressions in wax, butter, or tar; can be lifted and analyzed without processing

latent print

invisible to naked eye; must be processed before being analyzed

things to determine from hair

human vs animal, origin, race, method of removal, drugs, if treated

keratin

hair and nail protein

classifying fibers

natural vs synthetic; then animal, vegetable, or minteral

cotton fibers

natural, vegetable fiber, strong, flexible, not shape retentive

linen fibers

natural, vegetable fiber, long

silk fibers

natural, animal, readily burns

wool fibers

natural, animal, shorter and looser

acetate fibers

synthetic, vegetable

acrylic fibers

synthetic, mineral (from natural gas or petroleum)

nylon fibers

synthetic, mineral, polyamide

polyester fibers

synthetic, mineral (coal, air, water, petroleum)

rayon fibers

synthetic, vegetable, almost pure cellulose

blood types

A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-

3 types of blood evidence

blood samples, blood droplets, blood spatter

basic nucleotide compounds

purine & pyrimidine

5 major bases in cells

A, T, G, C, U

DNA structures

primary (nucleotide sequence), secondary (double helix), tertiary (supercoiling)

PCR

produce a large amount of DNA from only a trace amount