Communication Strategies

Verbal Communication

Communication using spoken or written words; includes face-to-face, distance, and written forms.

Nonverbal Communication

Communication through body language, facial expression, tone, gesture, posture, and silence; may repeat, contradict, substitute, complement, or accent verbal messages.

Formal Communication

Official, structured communication following predefined channels and protocol; professional, legal, and institutional contexts.

Informal Communication

Unofficial, spontaneous exchange; word-of-mouth; flexible but less verified; used for relationship building and casual information sharing.

Repetition (Nonverbal Function)

Nonverbal cues reinforce the verbal message.

Contradiction (Nonverbal Function)

Nonverbal signals conflict with spoken words.

Substitution (Nonverbal Function)

Gestures or expressions replace spoken language entirely.

Complementing (Nonverbal Function)

Nonverbal cues enhance or add nuance to verbal content.

Accenting (Nonverbal Function)

Nonverbal emphasis draws attention to specific parts of the message.

Intrapersonal Communication

Communication occurring within oneself; internal reflection, thought, and self-dialogue.

Interpersonal Communication

Face-to-face or direct exchange between two or a few people; focuses on personal interaction and relationship.

Small Group Communication

Exchange among a small number of participants working toward a shared purpose or goal.

Public Communication

One-to-many communication where a speaker addresses a larger audience.