BT 5 Mod 1 Engineered Wood, Wood Composites and other Building Boards

Engineered wood

is sometimes called composite wood or man-made wood, it includes an extensive range of wood derivative products which are manufactured by binding together strands, particles, fibers or veneers of wood (ex. rye straw, wheat straw, rice straw, hemp stalks, kenaf stalks or sugarcane residue, etc.) together with adhesives to form composite materials. These materials are engineered to precise design specifications which are tested to meet certain construction standards and requirements; an example of the original engineered wood product is the plywood.

Building Board

Any of the thin, broad, long, flat, plain or textured sheets made of wood strips, strands, flakes, fibers, veneer, chips, fibers, cement, or other composite material used for paneling, ceiling, flooring, framing, carpentry, formwork and other rough or finishing applications. Materials included in the definition regardless of its composition are categorized as building boards.

Urea-formaldehyde (uf) resin

(Adhesives) The most common among the adhesives used in engineered wood product manufacturing

Phenol-formaldehyde (pf) resins

(Adhesives) Characterized by its yellow or brown color, used for exterior-exposure wood materials

Melamine-formaldehyde (mf) resin

(Adhesives) A white, heat and water resistant adhesive, and often used in exposed surface products in more costly designs

Methylene diphenyl di-isocyanate (mdi) or polyurethane (pu) resin

(Adhesives) Most expensive, generally has waterproofing ability and do not contain formaldehyde

Casein Glue

(Glue) Used in dry location but not exposed directly to rain or water.

Phenol-Formaldehyde resin Glue

(Glue) Requires high temperature for curing; water resistant

Resorcinol-Phenol Formaldehyde

(Glue) Expensive but have qualities necessary for durability and water resistance.

Composite Panel

A wood panel product consisting of two face veneers bonded to a reconstituted wood core.

Veneer

A thin sheet of wood rotary cut, sliced or sawn from a log or flitch and used as a superior facing to inferior wood or bonded together to form plywood.

Crossband

A layer of veneer immediately adjacent to and right angles to the face plies in a plywood panel.

Core

The center of a plywood panel, consisting of veneers, sawn lumber or composition board.

Banding

The solid wood stock extending around the sides of a veneered panel, concealing the core and facilitating the shaping of the panel edges.

Plywood

(Veneer-Based) A wood panel product made by bonding veneers together under heat and pressure, usually at right angles to each other.

Plymetal

Plywood clad on one or both sides with sheet metal.

Plyboard

(Veneer-Based) An engineered wood board made of wooden strips at its core and thin veneers on both faces that is compressed forming a composite board. is less dense and water resistant than plywood.

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

(Veneer-Based) is an engineered wood product that uses multiple layers of thin wood assembled with adhesives under heat and pressure using a waterproof adhesive; it is stronger, straighter and more uniform in size and shape than most engineered wood material. It is similar in appearance to plywood without crossbands and typically rated by the manufacturer for elastic modulus and allowable bending stress. They are typically used for headers, beams, planks, rimboard and edge-forming material.

Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL)

(Veneer-Based) A structural lumber product made by bonding long, narrow wood strands together under heat and pressure using a waterproof adhesive; used as beams and columns in post and beam construction.

Oriented Strandboard (OSB)

(Particle-Based) A non-veneered wood panel commonly used for sheathing and as subflooring, made by bonding three or five layers of long, thin wood strands under heat and pressure using waterproof adhesive. It is composed of rectangular-shaped wood strands arranged in layers at right angles to one another, laid up in mats that form a panel and bonded with waterproof adhesives.

Waferboard

(Particle-Based) A non-veneered panel product composed of large, thin wood flakes bonded under heat and pressure with a waterproof adhesive.

Particle board, Particleboard, Chipboard or Low Density Fiberboard

(Particle-Based) A non-veneered composite wood panel product consisting of cellulosic particles made by bonding small wood particles with a synthetic resin under heat and pressure; available in 4 ft. wide board and lengths ranging from 8 to 16 feet with thicknesses of 1/4", 5/16" 3/8", 1/2, 5/8" and 3/4". This material is recommended for use on countertops, cabinetry, veneer panel core, furniture, floor underlayment, door, shelving, signs, etc.

Strawboard

(Particle-Based) A hardboard made of compressed wheat straw and processed at 350˚ to 400˚ F and covered with a tough kraft paper.

Structural Board

(Grades of Strawboards) Manufactured in 2 in. thick, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 ft. long; used as non-load bearing partitions, as plaster base, for insulating purposes, exterior sheathing, roof decking and as inner form face for concrete basement wall forms.

Insulation Grade

(Grades of Strawboards) 2 in. thick, 4 ft. wide and 5 ft. long; used primarily for roof deck insulation.

Fiberboard

A fibrous-felted, homogeneous panel made from lignocellulosic fibers (usually wood or cane) and having a density of less than 490 kg/m3 but not more than 159 kg/m3.

Insulating Fiberboard

(Fiberboard) Components used for the manufacture of this type of board are wood, sugar cane, asbestos and binder.

Insulating Grade

(Grades of Fiberboard) Used as an insulating, decorative panels, decorative ceiling tile, V-notch plaster base and roof insulation with standard thickness ranging from 1/2", 5/8", 3/4" and 1 inch.

Sheathing Grade

(Grades of Fiberboard) Has both surfaces and all edges coated with asphalt and other fibers impregnated with asphalt during manufacture.

Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)

(Fiberboard) is a composite panel product generally consisting of cellulosic fibers mixed with a synthetic resin or other alternative bonding element and joined together under heat and pressure.

Hardboard

(Fiberboard) A very dense, felted, homogeneous panel made from lignocellulosic fibers consolidated under heat and pressure in a hot press to a density not less than 490 kg/m3.

Standard Hardboard

(Grades of Hardboard) A type of hardboard that is flexible and quite easily bent, light brown with thicknesses of 1/8", 1/4", 3/16" and 5/16", 4 feet wide and lengths of 4, 6, 8, 10 12, and 16 feet.

Tempered Hardboard

(Grades of Hardboard) Made by impregnating standard board with tempering compounds of oils and resin and baking it to polymerize the tempering material.

Low Density Hardboard

(Grades of Hardboard) Has low density and used for lightweight application.

Fiber Cement Board

(Mineral Bonded Particleboard and Fiberboard) Is a lightweight fiber cement board made of fibers (timber slurry) and Portland cement, quartz sand, additives, etc.; a versatile and durable material used for exterior and interior application such as ceiling, partitions, siding, etc.

Gypsum board or Plasterboard

(Mineral Bonded Particleboard and Fiberboard) A wallboard having a gypsum core; sometimes referred to as plasterboard that is made typically made of a layer of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper, then kiln dried. This material is used in dry wall construction using metal furring and studs.

Gypsum Wallboard

(Types of Gypsum Boards) A fireproof sheathing used for interior wall and ceiling applications; characterized by a core of gypsum covered on each side by heavy specially made kraft paper. This material is also used for partitions that do not require framing.

Gypsum Lath

(Types of Gypsum Boards) Gypsum board with a gypsum core and heavy paper on both sides; used as a base for plaster thus, providing adhesion to plaster.

Gypsum Precast Roof Decking

(Types of Gypsum Boards) Precast gypsum containing various types of fibers for additional strength; made in either the square plank (from 4 to 6 feet) or edged plank (10 feet long).

Wood Wool Cement Board

(Mineral Bonded Particleboard and Fiberboard) A non-structural material in low cost housing constructions which may be used for heat insulation and sound absorption but not as a fire-retardant material.

Asbestos Cement Board

(Mineral Bonded Particleboard and Fiberboard) A dense, rigid board containing a high percentage of fibers bonded with Portland cement; characterized by its high resistance to fire, flame and weathering but has low resistance to heat flow. It is used as a building material in flat sheet form or corrugated form. Flat boards are made in 1/8 ", 1/4", 3/8" and 1/2" thick, 4 ft. wide and from 6 to 12 ft. long.

Wallboard

(Mineral Bonded Particleboard and Fiberboard) A rigid sheet composed of wood pulp, gypsum or other materials; may be fastened to the building to provide an interior surface finish; the long edges of the board usually tapered to provide easy treatment of joints when board is erected.

Corkboard

(Other Types of Building Boards) Made from cork granules and mixed with synthetic resin, compressed and formed into sheets with thickness ranging from 1 to 6 in. and baked under pressure into rigid boards.

Tempered Board

(Other Types of Building Boards) A hardboard impregnated with a drying oil or other oxidizing resin and baked to improve its hardness and moisture resistance.

Peg Board or Perforated Board

(Other Types of Building Boards) Trademark for a brand of tempered hardboard having regularly spaced perforations into which hooks may be inserted for the storage or display of articles.

Glued laminated timber, also called Gluelam or Glulam

is a type of structural timber product composed of several layers of dimensioned lumber glued together. By laminating several smaller pieces of wood, a single large, strong, structural member can be obtained from smaller lumber. These structural members are used as vertical columns or horizontal beams, as well as curved, arching structures. Connections are usually made using steel plates or spiked plates and bolts.
* represent an efficient use of available timber.
* make use of smaller and less desirable dimensions of timber, yet are engineered to be stronger than similarly sized members made of solid wood.
* environmentally friendly alternative to concrete and steel members as they have a lower energy requirement in its production.

Germany

The first use of glued laminated timber was in ____ in 1890 by Otto Hetzer. The technology arrived in North America in 1934 when Max Hanisch, Sr., who had worked with Hetzer at the turn of the century, formed a firm in Peshtigo, Wisconsin to manufacture structural glued laminated timber.

Otto Hetzer

The first use of glued laminated timber was in Germany in 1890 by ____. The technology arrived in North America in 1934 when Max Hanisch, Sr., who had worked with Hetzer at the turn of the century, formed a firm in Peshtigo, Wisconsin to manufacture structural glued laminated timber.

1890

The first use of glued laminated timber was in Germany in ___ by Otto Hetzer. The technology arrived in North America in 1934 when Max Hanisch, Sr., who had worked with Hetzer at the turn of the century, formed a firm in Peshtigo, Wisconsin to manufacture structural glued laminated timber.

Max Hanisch, Sr.

The first use of glued laminated timber was in Germany in 1890 by Otto Hetzer. The technology arrived in North America in 1934 when ____, who had worked with Hetzer at the turn of the century, formed a firm in Peshtigo, Wisconsin to manufacture structural glued laminated timber.

Glued Built-up Members

These are structural members, the sections of which are composed of built-up lumber, plywood or any engineered wood in combination with lumber, all parts bonded together with adhesives.

Structural Glued laminated Timber

Any member comprising an assembly of laminations of lumber in which the grain of all laminations are approximately parallel longitudinally, in which the laminations are bonded with adhesive.

Gang nail system

is a system of wood construction that uses spiked metal plates to assemble members as in a truss. These spiked or toothed metal fasteners are attached and secured at intersection of members such as chord to web members or web member to chord, etc.

Building Paper

Paper used in building construction particularly for sheathing, roofing and insulation, in making asphalt shingles, laminated and corrugated building products, concrete form materials, moisture and vapor barrier, cushion material, wall paper, envelope or sheath for other building materials and as fireproofing material.

Sheathing Paper

(Types of Building Paper) Paper used to provide airtight barrier over walls, floors, ceilings, etc.

Plain Paper

(Types of Sheathing Paper) A low cost paper made from semi-chemical pulp and waste paper or a tough paper made from kraft paper.

Asphalt Impregnated or Coated Felt or Kraft Paper

(Types of Sheathing Paper) Made from asphalt of varying quantities with densities ranging from 4 to 10 lbs per square foot.

Roofing Felt

(Building Paper: Types of Roofing Paper) Used in making a built-up roof; manufactured in 36 in. wide rolls and weights from 3 to 20 lbs. per square foot.

Rolled Roofing

(Building Paper: Types of Roofing Paper) A heavy, mineral surfaced paper used as a final roof covering, made 18 and 36 wide, in various weights from 45 to 120 lbs. per square foot.

Wood Fiber Insulating Paper

(Building Paper: Types of Insulating Paper) Made from ground wood or bagasse with some wastepaper pulp added. Usually gray in color and produced in 36 in. wide rolls, weighing about 9 lbs. per square foot. This is used for insulating walls, ceilings and floors.

Asbestos Fibers

(Building Paper: Types of Insulating Paper) A soft, pliable paper used for insulating pipes for carrying steams, boilers and other vessels with high temperatures. It is produced in various weights usually from 5 to 10 lbs. per square foot. A heavier asbestos felt paper is produced for use as a built-up roofing material. This is saturated with asphalt and produced in 36 in. wide rolls weighing approximately 15 lbs. per square foot.

Vapor Barrier Paper

(Types of Building Paper) This material is intended to prevent the passage of moisture vapor through walls, ceilings and floors.

4.1 Wax Paper

4.2 Laminated Paper

4.3 Kraft Paper

Concrete Form Paper

(Types of Building Paper)

5.1 Spiral Tube Concrete
5.2 Boxlike Form

Spiral Tube Concrete

(Building Paper: Types of Concrete Form Paper) Form made from kraft paper.

Boxlike Form

(Building Paper: Types of Concrete Form Paper) Made from corrugated container paper