Intro to genetics

Genetics

biology of heredity and variation, deals with the way in which traits are passed on or transmitted to their offspring

Breeding

concerned with the proper selection and use of traits of the parents to produce offspring with predictable and desirable traits for the improvement of animals

Genes

FUnctional unit of inheritance consisting mostly of DNA

DNA

a complex molecule that forns the genetic code for all living things

Chromosomes

long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the nucleus of every cell of an organism; comes on pairs, one from the dam, one from sire

Animal breeding

branch of animal science that deals with the evaluation of the genetic value of livestock

Line

a group of specific animals descended from or related to a specific animal or source of genetic stock

Strain

a group of animals within a breed with traits that distinguish them from others in the breed

Alleles

different forms of a segment of DNA that can exist at a particular site of the chromosome

Locus

Particular site of a gene in a chromosome

Genotype

genetic factors responsible for creating the phenotype underlying genetic constitution of a phenontype; combination of genes at a single locus or at a number of loci

Homozygous genotype

is a one-locus genotype containing functionally identical genes

Heterozygous genotype

is a one-locus genotype containing functionally different genes

Equus caballus

Horse SN

Bos indicus

Cattle with hump SN

Bos taurus

Cattle w/o hump

Bubalus bubalis

Carabao SN

Ovis aries

Sheep SN

Capra hircus

Goat SN

Sus domesticus/Sus scrofa

Swine SN

Gallus domesticus

Chicken SN

Meleagris gallopavo

Turkey SN

Anas boschas domestica

Mallard duck SN

Anser anser

Goose SN

Anser cygnoides

Swan SN

Coturnix coturnix japonica

Quail SN

Columba livia domestica

Pigeon SN

Numida meleagris

Guinea fowl SN

Pavo cristatus

Peafowl SN

Phasianus colchicus

Pheasant SN

Strutio camelus

Ostrich SN

Perrissodactyla Equidae

Order and Family of Horse

Artiodactyla Bovidae

Order and Family of Cattle

Artiodactyla Bovidae

Order and Family of Carabao

Artiodactyla Bovidae

Order and Family of Goat

Artiodactyla Bovidae

Order and Family of Sheep

Artiodactyla Suidae

Order and Family of Swine

Lagomorpha Liporidae

Order and Family of Rabbit

Galliformes Phasianidae

Order and Family of Chicken, Quail, Peafowl, Turkey

Anseriformes Anatidae

Order and Family of Swan, Duck, and Geese

Columbiformes Columbidae

Order and Family of Pigeon

Struthioniformes Struthionidae

Order and Family of Ostrich

Galliformes Numididae

Order and Family of Guinea fowl

Passeriformes Fringillidae

Order and Family of Canary bird

Stallion

matured male horse for breeding and for work

Mare

matured female horse

Colt

young male horse

Filly

young female horse

Gelding

castrated young male horse

Ridgling

a stallion with one or both testes can’t descend to scrotal sac

Foal

young horse either sex

Foaling

parturition in horse

Yeldmare

dry mare

Stag

castrated matured male horse

Bull

matured male cattle

Cow

matured female cattle

Bull calf

young male cattle

Heifer

young female cattle

Steer

castrated young male cattle

Free martin

sterile female ox is born twin to a male ox

Calf

young cattle either sex

Calving

parturition in cattle

Beef

meat of matured cattle

Veal

meat of young cattle

Carabull

matured male carabao

Caracow

matured female carabao

Caraheifer

young female carabao

Carasteer

castrated young male carabao

Caracalf

young carabao either sex

Caracalving

parturition in carabao

Carabeef

meat of matured carabao

Caraveal

meat of young carabao

Ram

matured male sheep

Ewe

matured female sheep

Lamb

young sheep either sex

Lambing

parturition in sheep

Wether sheep

castrated young male sheep

Stag

castrated matured male sheep

Wool

hair covering of sheep

Shearing

clipping of fleece

Lambchop

meat of young sheep

Mutton

meat of matured sheep

Buck

matured male goat

Doe

matured female goat

Kid

young goat either sex

Wether

castrated young male goat

Stag

castrated matured male goat

Chevon

meat of goat

Browse plants

shrubs or trees nibbled by goats

Tethering

restraining an animal with a rope or chain

Boar

matured male swine for breeding

Junior boar

young male swine

Sow

matured female swine that has given birth

Gilt

young female swine and has not yet given birth

Suckling

young pig from birth up to weaning

Barrow

castrated young male swine

Stag

castrated matured male swine

Farrowing

parturition in swine

Pork

meat of swine

Litter

group of pigs born in one farrowing