2.1-2.2 Psych

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 53

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

54 Terms

1

Selective attention

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

New cards
2

Inattentional blindness

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

New cards
3

Change blindness

Failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of inattentional blindness

New cards
4

Perceptual set

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another; our expectations and experience can influence our interpretation

New cards
5

Perception

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to recognize objects and events.

New cards
6

Bottom-Up Processing

Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.

New cards
7

Top-Down Processing

Perception guided by expectations and prior knowledge.

New cards
8

Schema

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets info; concepts that help us to organize and interpret the world

New cards
9

Gestalt Psychology

Focuses on how we perceive whole forms.

New cards
10

Closure

Perceiving complete images despite missing parts.

New cards
11

Figure Ground

The organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).

New cards
12

Proximity

The principle that objects close to each other are perceived as a group.

New cards
13

Depth Perception

see in 3d with BOTH eyes

New cards
14

Visual Cliff

involves an apparent, but not actual, drop from one surface to another

New cards
15

Binocular cues

convergence, retinal disparity

New cards
16

Convergence

muscles strain in as object gets closer with both eyes open

New cards
17

Retinal Disparity

difference in perspective from each eye, which creates sense of depth with BOTH eyes

New cards
18

Monocular cues

linear perspective, interposition, texture gradient, relative size, relative clarity

New cards
19

Relative clarity

Objects that appear sharp, clear, and detailed are seen as closer than more hazy objects

New cards
20

Relative size

monocular depth cue that refers to the comparison of the sizes of two objects to determine which is closer or farther away

New cards
21

Texture gradient

Depth cue from surface texture changes as distance increases.

New cards
22

Linear perspective

type of depth prompt that the human eye perceives when viewing two parallel lines that appear to meet at a distance

New cards
23

Interposition

Monocular cue that refers to the perception that an object is farther away when it is partially or completely covered by another object

New cards
24

Perceptual constancies

The ability to perceive objects as having consistent properties, such as size, shape, and color, even when the object is viewed from different angles, distances, or lighting

New cards
25

Constancy

color, shape, or size always stays the same despite environmental changes

New cards
26

Perceptual adaptation

The brain's ability to adjust and adapt to changes in sensory input over time

New cards
27

Apparent motion

Two stationary objects appear to move when presented in quick succession

New cards
28

Stroboscopic movement

Makes objects appear to move in a way that's different from reality

New cards
29

Phi phenomenon

blinking lights appear to move

New cards
30

Autokinetic effect

illusion that still object is moving

New cards
31

Concept

Mental groupings of similar objects

New cards
32

Prototype

Best example of an idea

New cards
33

Assimilation

interpreting new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

New cards
34

Accommodation

adapting our current schemas (understandings) to incorporate new info

New cards
35

Executive functions

Mental processes (executive functioning skills) that help you set and carry out goals

New cards
36

Algorithm

methodical, logical rule or procedure that is slower but guarantees a solution to a problem

New cards
37

Heuristic

simple strategy (mental shortcut), quicker than algorithm but much more error-prone

New cards
38

Representativeness heuristic

judge likelihood of events based on how well they represent prototype

New cards
39

Availability heuristic

judge likelihood of things based on how readily they come to mind

New cards
40

Mental set

Approach a problem in a certain way, often based on a familiar solution or past experience

New cards
41

Priming

Exposure to one stimulus may influence a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention

New cards
42

Framing

Decision is influenced by how the information is presented rather than what is being said.

New cards
43

Gambler’s fallacy

The false belief that If an event has occurred several times before in the past, it will occur less often in the future.

New cards
44

Sunk-cost fallacy

reluctancy to abandon something due to how much someone has put into it

New cards
45

Functional fixedness

limited ability to use object for purpose other than what it’s intended

New cards
46

Confirmation bias

seeing evidence that follows one’s bias despite contrasting evidence also being present

New cards
47

Fixation

The inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective; an impediment to problem-solving.

New cards
48

Intuition

effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thoughts instead of systematic reasoning

New cards
49

Belief perseverance

The tendency to cling to one's beliefs even when faced with contrary evidence.

New cards
50

Creativity

the ability to produce new and novel ideas

New cards
51

Divergent thinking

expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions

New cards
52

Convergent thinking

narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

New cards
53

Cocktail Party Effect

Focusing on one conversation in a noisy place.

New cards
54

Similarity

The principle that objects that are similar in appearance are perceived as a group.

New cards
robot