Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Notes

This set of flashcards covers key concepts in Anatomy and Physiology relating to the organization of the body, systems, functions, and important definitions.

What are the levels of organization in the human body?

Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in the body.

What is the fundamental unit of life?

Cell

What components do cells consist of?

Cell wall, Cell membrane, Nuclear membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cilia & flagella.

What are the primary components of the skeletal system?

Bones, ligaments, and cartilage.

How many bones are in the human body?

206 bones.

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

Axial and Appendicular skeleton.

What types of muscle tissue are there?

Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle.

What does the integumentary system consist of?

Skin and its associated structures such as hair, glands, and nails.

What are the three layers of skin?

Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis.

What are the major areas of the circulatory system?

Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic System.

What are the two parts of the respiratory system?

Upper Respiratory Tract and Lower Respiratory Tract.

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Gas exchange of O2 and CO2.

What is the length of the digestive system?

About 30 feet of tubing between mouth and anus.

What are the two major groups of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System.

What are the five senses related to the sensory organs?

Smell, Taste, Hearing, Equilibrium, Vision.

What are the major endocrine glands?

Pituitary gland, Pineal gland, Thyroid gland, Thymus, Adrenal gland, Pancreas.

What is the function of the urinary system?

Removes wastes from the blood and helps maintain normal water and electrolyte concentrations.

What is micturition?

The reflex action of expelling urine from the bladder.

What are the primary organs of the urinary system?

Kidneys.

What is the role of the reproductive system?

Responsible for producing offspring.