Chemistry Quiz 1

Chapter 1, 2 and 3

Significant figure Rule 1

Non-zero integers are ALWAYS significant

Significant figure Rule 2

Leading Zeros are NOT significant (zeros to the left)

Significant figure Rule 3

Trailing Zeros are significant only if there is a decimal point present.

Significant figure Rule 4

Captive zeros are always significant

Rounding Numbers Rule 1

#>5 round up

Rounding Numbers Rule 2

#<5 round down

Rounding Numbers Rule 3

#=5 if the number being rounded is even keep it the same, if it is odd round up

Multiplication and Division Rule

Answer contains the same amount of Significant figures as the number with the least significant figures.

Addition and Subtraction Rule

Answer has the same # of decimal places as the number with the least decimal places.

Density

Ratio of the mass of an Object/substance to the volume of the object/substance

Density formula

d=mass/volume

Dimensional Analysis

Starting quantity x Conversion factors = final quantity

Prefix for SI units we use

Mega, Kilo, Deci, Centi, Mili, Micro, Nano

Mega

M 10⁶

Kilo

k 10³

Deci

d 10^-1

Centi

c 10^-2

Mili

m 10^-3

Nano

n 10^-9

Micro

µ 10^-6

Nuclide Symbol

What is A

Mass Number (A=P⁺+N^o)

What is z

Atomic Number (P⁺=e^-)

What is X

Atomic symbol

How to fine N^o

N^o=A-Z

Metals

Generally shiny solids at room temp (Except mercury) Conduct heat and electricity well

Nonmetals

Generally gases or dull, brittle solids at room temp, does not conduct heat or electricity well.

Metalloids

Between metals and nonmetals

Group 1

Alkali Metals (Highly Reactive)

Group 2

Alkaline Earth Metals (Highly Reactive)

Group 17

Halogens (Nonmetal but reactive)

Group 18

Noble gases (Stable nonmetals)

Group 13-16

Named after first element in group

Covalent compound

Electrons are shared between atoms of different elements

Ionic compound

Electrons are transferred from one element to another

Molecular compound

Elements held together by a covalent bond (Non metals)

mono

1

di

2

tri

3

tetra

4

penta

5

hexa

6

hepta

7

octa

8

nona

9

deci

10

Group 1 charged Ions

#⁺

Group 2 charged Ions

#²⁺

Group 3 charged Ions

#³⁺

Group 11 charged Ions

#⁺

Group 12 Charged Ions

#²⁺

Group 13 charged Ions

#³⁺

Group 15 charged Ions

#^3-

Group 16 Charged Ions

#^2-

Group 17 Charged Ions

#^-

Cr²⁺

Chromium (II) or Chromous

Cr³⁺

Chromium (III) or Chromic

Co²⁺

Cobalt (II) or Cobaltous

Co³⁺

Cobalt (III) or Cobaltic

Cu⁺

Copper (I) or Cuprous

Cu²⁺

Copper (II) or Cupric

Fe²⁺

Iron (II) or Ferrous

Fe³⁺

Iron (III) or Ferric

Pb²⁺

Lead (II)

Pb⁴⁺

Lead (IV)

Hg₂²⁺

Mercury (I) or mercurous

Hg²⁺

Mercury (II) or Mercuric

Sn²⁺

Tin (II) or Stannous

Sn⁴⁺

Tin (IV) or Stannic

NH₄⁺

Ammonium

NO₂^-

Nitrite

SO₃^2-

Sulfite

H₃O⁺

hydronium

NO₃^-

Nitrate

SO₄^2-

Sulfate

C₂H₃O₂^-

acetate

CO₃^2-

Carbonate

CN^-

cyanide

HCO₃^-

hydrogen carbonate

OH^-

hydroxide

PO₄^3-

phosphate

Avogadros Number

6.022 × 10²³

Solution

(aq)