Vedic culture and early states

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27 Terms

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Vedic culture

The culture that emerged from the Vedic texts, characterized by rituals, societal norms, and religious practices of the Indo-Aryans; includes the formation of early states during the Vedic periods.

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Rigvedic Age

The early period of the Vedic Age from 1500 to 1000 B.C. when the hymns of the Rigveda were composed.

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Samiti

An assembly of larger groups of people that assisted the king in administration during the early Vedic Age.

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Sabha

A council of elders that assisted the king in administration, distinct from the larger assembly known as Samiti.

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Mahajanapadas

States formed during the later Vedic period that evolved from tribal organizations into territorial states.

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Gana-Parishad

The assembly of senior and responsible citizens that held supreme authority in republican states.

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Nandas

The first non-kshatriya rulers of Magadha, known for their power and for defeating other ruling princes.

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Ajatasatru

A king of the Magadhan dynasty who succeeded Bimbisara and pursued an aggressive expansionist policy.

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Magadha

An important Kingdom in ancient India, which rose to prominence under the leadership of Bimbisara and later Ajatasatru.

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Alexander's Invasion

The incursion of Alexander the Great into India in 326 B.C., which was met with resistance from local chieftains.

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Rigveda

The only source of the Early Vedic Age, composed between 1500-1000 B.C.

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Patriarchal Family

The political organization of states during the Later Vedic Period, characterized by a male-led hierarchy.

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Khi

A term representing the king's role and responsibilities in tribal defense and governance.

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Ekrat

A title assumed by kings, meaning 'sole sovereign' in the context of the Nandas resurgence in power.

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Grama

The smallest administrative unit in Vedic society, each headed by a gramani.

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Vijaya

A term denoting victory, often linked to actions taken by kings during their reigns.

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Punch-marked coins

Early forms of currency in ancient India made from gold, silver, and copper, facilitating trade.

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Vedic culture

The culture that emerged from the Vedic texts, characterized by rituals, societal norms, and religious practices of the Indo-Aryans.

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Vedas

Ancient sacred texts that form the foundation of Vedic culture, containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance.

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Varna System

A social hierarchy in Vedic society dividing people into four main categories: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.

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Sanskrit

An ancient Indo-European language in which the Vedas were composed, significant in the development of Indian literature.

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Vedic rituals

Ceremonial acts performed by priests, significant in early Vedic society for maintaining order and seeking favor from deities.

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Sons of the soil

Refers to local rulers and communities taking control of land management and political authority during the later Vedic period.

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Chakravartin

A term meaning 'universal ruler', often used to describe a king who ruled over multiple kingdoms with sovereign power.

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Sutra literature

Ancient texts that provide guidelines on rituals, ethics, and philosophy, emerging alongside the Vedic texts.

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Kshatriya

One of the four main Varna classes, primarily associated with warriors and rulers responsible for governance and protection.

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Panchayati raj

A system of local self-governance in villages, reflecting early forms of democracy and participative governance in Vedic society.