Grade 12 Life Orientation Core Review Flashcards

Vocabulary review flashcards covering essential Grade 12 Life Orientation study notes, including stress management, citizenship, labour laws, study strategies, and health concepts.

Stress

The physical, mental, or emotional strain felt in situations found to be difficult, challenging, or frightening when an individual feels unable to cope.

Eustress

Positive stress that provides adrenalin and energy to make a person ready for short-term action.

Distress

Negative or unhealthy stress that occurs when demands exceed an individual's coping capacity, potentially causing illness, headaches, insomnia, or depression.

Stressor

Any physical, environmental, social, or emotional event, situation, chemical, or person that triggers stress.

Cortisol

A stress hormone produced by fear that results in anxiety when overproduced over long periods.

Adrenalin

A stress hormone that prepares the body to react physically to a threat or demanding situation.

Personal Mission Statement

A written description of an individual's personal views, values, dreams, attitudes, and goals that outlines how they plan to achieve purpose in life.

Values

Personal standards, choices, and beliefs that guide how an individual lives their life and determine what they consider meaningful.

Belief System

An individual's structural framework for understanding the world and their place in it, including moral standards of right, wrong, true, and false.

Ideologies

An organized set of beliefs, values, and ideas regarding how an individual should live and how society ought to operate.

Vision

An ambitious mental picture or dream of what an individual's future could look like in $5$ to $30\text{ years}$.

Formative Assessment

A planned, continuous process of gathering information during a learning task to evaluate how learners and teachers are coping.

Summative Assessment

An assessment conducted at the end of a term, chapter, or project to measure overall management and achievement over a set period.

SQ3 Method

A study technique standing for Survey, Read, Recall, and Review designed to embed learning material into memory.

Unemployment

A condition where individuals who are willing, ready, and desiring to work cannot obtain employment due to a shortage of available jobs.

Volunteering

The act of freely contributing time, effort, and skills to assist others or a cause without expecting financial reward.

Entrepreneur

An individual who identifies an opportunity or need, accepts financial risks, and creates a profitable business enterprise.

Income Tax

A compulsory tax levied by government on all income and profits received by individuals, companies, and trusts.

Tax Threshold

The minimum income level above which individuals must pay income tax, noted in South Africa as earning more than $R63\,556$ per year.

Bill of Rights

The cornerstone of democracy in the South African Constitution that guarantees basic human rights to all people in the country.

Discrimination

The unjust, unfair, or unequal treatment of individuals based on personal attributes such as race, sex, age, or religious beliefs.

Human Rights Violation

Actions that hurt, disrespect, or infringe upon the constitutional rights guaranteed to an individual.

Electronic Media

Communication channels requiring electricity or batteries, such as television, radio, websites, blogs, and social networks.

Print Media

Physical publications used to communicate news and information, including books, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, and billboards.

Freedom of Expression

The democratic right to freely express thoughts, speech, and opinions, bounded by constitutional limitations against hate speech and incitement to violence.

Statutory Rape

Unlawful sexual activity involving a person below the legal age of consent, defined in the text as $16\text{ years}$.

Sexual Harassment

Unwanted conduct of a sexual nature that causes discomfort, violates dignity, or constitutes unfair labor practice in the workplace.

Trauma

A severe bodily injury or emotional shock resulting from sudden disasters, violence, or severe life crises.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Long-term psychological suffering, emotional distress, and withdrawal following traumatic experiences or severe disasters.

Lifestyle Diseases

Diseases resulting from unhealthy daily habits, nutritional choices, lack of physical activity, smoking, poverty, or gender imbalances.

Labour Relations Act (LRA)

South African legislation regulating interactions, trade unions, collective bargaining, and dispute resolution between employers and workers.

Employment Equity Act (EEA)

South African law promoting workplace fairness and equal opportunity by eliminating unfair discrimination and enforcing affirmative action.

Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA)

South African legislation establishing mandatory minimum working conditions regarding hours, overtime, leave, pay, and termination.

Affirmative Action

Targeted measures intended to ensure that qualified individuals from designated groups receive equal employment opportunities and representation.

Redress

The process of rectifying past workplace injustices, disadvantages, or inequalities experienced by designated groups.

Recruitment

The process of finding, attracting, and selecting suitable candidates to apply for job vacancies within an organization.

Work Ethics

An employee's inner attitude, behavior, respect, accountability, and commitment towards their job responsibilities and employer.

Societal Expectations

The cultural, moral, and social norms that a community expects individuals to follow in their interactions and behavior.

Corruption

The misuse or abuse of entrusted public office or power for private gain.

Fraud

The illegal act of gaining money or financial benefits through deliberate deception, lies, or misrepresentation.

Bribery

The act of offering money, goods, or favors to influence an official's behavior or decision for personal advantage.

Nepotism

The unfair practice of showing favoritism to family members or relatives by granting them positions or advantages.