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How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
If there’s nitrogen, what type of macromolecule is it?
protein
two amino acids bonded together
dipeptide
In most cases, where do we get the 9 essential amino acids from?
food
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
What happens if you don’t get the 9 essential amino acids?
malnutritioin
Where can we get the 11 non-essential amino acids?
our body and food
What is the R group?
a variable and the key to protein function
What is the general formula for all amino acids?
carboxyl group, central carbon with R group, amino group
A condensation reaction between two amino acids results in the formation of a what?
peptide bond
What is the bond between two amino acids called?
peptide bond
If there are 20^400 possible amino acid sequences, what does that mean?
the polypeptide has 400 amino acids
proteins in the cells which form the dermis of skin
collagen
peptide hormone responsible for uptake of glucose into cells and reduces glucose concentration in the body
insulin
How many R-groups are hydrophobic with between zero and nine carbon atoms?
9
How many R-groups are hydrophillic?
11
How many R-groups can become charged?
7
How many hydrophilic R-groups are polar but never charged?
4
How many R-groups act as an acid by giving up a proton and becoming negatively charged?
4
How many R-groups act as a base by accepting a proton and becoming positively charged?
3
How many R-groups contain rings?
3
What is the primary structure of protein?
sequence of amino acids
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
local folding
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
whole molecule folding
What is the quaternary structure?
multiple molecule folding
What holds the folds of the molecule together in the tertiary structure?
disulfide bridges
Can you have a quaternary structure but not a tertiary structure?
yes
What happens to a hydrophobic cell?
it sickles/folds in
What happens to a hydrophilic cell?
no folding
What are the three rules for protein folding?
hydrophobicity, charge, cystein sulfur bridges
Cysteine sulfur bridges form strong bonds with what?
sulfur disulfide bridges
Note
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