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Who published Opticks?
Isaac Newton
Considered the foundation of modern scientific studies of light?
Opticks
The idea that light is a stream of tiny particles emitted by a light source
Particle theory of light
Who proposed the wave theory of light?
Robert Hooke and Christiaan Huygens
The idea that light consists of waves
Wave theory of light
Who demonstrated that light consists of two transverse waves oscillating at right angles to each other
James Clerk Maxwell
These two waves act together as a single
Electromagnetic wave
Can electromagnetic waves travel through empty space?
Yes
Demonstrated the existence of invisible electromagnetic waves
Heinrich Hertz
Light above a certain frequency can knock electrons loose from atoms of certain materials
Photoelectric effect
Showed that light cannot be classified as particles or waves
Albert Einstein and Max Planck
States that light has both a wave nature and particle nature
Quantum theory of light
That property of light is called
wave-particle duality
Tiny packets of energy
Photons
Electromagnetic waves travelling as photons
Light
Electromagnetic waves that the human eye can perceive
Visible Light
6 colors that compose the visible spectrum
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet
Additive primary colors
Red, Green and Blue
Cells that only detect light and dark
Rod Cells
Cells which detect colors
Cone Cells
Subtractive primary colors
Cyan, Magenta and Yellow
States that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
Law of Reflection
Mirrors 2 types of images
Virtual Image and Real Image
Those that form a portion of a spherical surface
Spherical mirrors
If the reflecting side is on the inside of the spherical surface the mirror is
Concave Mirror
If it has the reflecting side on the outside of the spherical surface
Convex Mirror
A piece of glass designed to refract light is called
Lens
Curves outward
Convex lens
Curves inward
Concave lens
Occurs when the light rays from a distant object are refracted by heated air so that objects appear to be nearby
Mirage
Of is also caused by refraction of light
Scintillation
A semicircular arc of colored bands of light that forms in the sky when millions of airborne water droplets act like tiny prisms.
Rainbow
Light waves commonly undergo
Interference
The process in which colors that depend on the viewing angle are produced by interference is
Iridescence
The light fringes
Antinodes
As the light interferes destructively it forms a
Node
A tool that produces spectra in a laboratory
Diffraction grating
Is any scientific technique that analyzes a substance or phenomenon by observing a light spectrum
Spectroscopy
Such a beam of light containing waves that are all aligned in the same direction
Polarized
An arrangement of all forms of electromagnetic radiation in order of frequency and wavelength
Electromagnetic spectrum
Low-frequency electromagnetic waves widely used for communication are
Radio Waves
Waves of a higher frequency and shorter wavelength than radio waves
Microwaves
Device that uses reflected radiowaves or microwaves to measure the distance and direction of far away objects
Radar
Frequencies just below red visible light
Infrared Rays
Electromagnetic radiation with a frequency slightly higher than that of visible light is
Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet radiation is commonly divided into 3 categories:
UVA UVB UVC
A form of radiation that resembled ultraviolet radiation in its effect on matter but seemed to pass unhindered through wood, paper and even human flesh.
X-Ray
Extremely high-freequency electromagnetic waves that are produced by reactions in the nucleus of an atom.
Gamma Rays
Atom chilling
Photon strikes atom exciting it
Atom unstable
Atom vomit photon
Spontaneous emission
Photon strikes atom
Atom excited
Another photon strikes
Both photons go away in same direction
Stimulated emission
A device that generates and amplifies high energy beams of light.
Laser
Properties of a laser
Monochromatic
Coherent
Laser light more extreme than normal
The use of laser beams to transmit signals through narrow glass cables called optical fibers
Fiber optics
A three-dimensional image produced by laser light
Hologram
